Estimation of Changes in Full Bloom Date of 'Niitaka' Pear Tree with Global Warming

기온 상승에 따른 '신고' 배나무의 만개일 변동 예측

  • Received : 2010.08.22
  • Accepted : 2010.09.27
  • Published : 2010.12.31

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of global warming on full bloom date (FBD) of 'Niitaka' pear ($Pyrus$ $pyrifolia$ Nakai) tree by calculating the development stage index by hourly temperatures recorded at Pear Research Station, estimating the distribution of average FBD and the change of FBD according to temperature rising by integrating development rate at 67 locations in Korea Meteorological Administration site. Development stage index of 'Niitaka' pear tree was 0.9593 at Naju location. Differences between full bloom dates observed at Cheonan region and predictions by development stage index were 0-7 days, and matched year was 35.3%. FBDs of 67 locations were distributed from April 4 to May 28. When yearly temperature was raised 1, 2, 3, 4, and $5^{\circ}C$ at 67 locations, predicted FBD was accelerated at most of the locations. However, FBD decelerated at south coast locations from $3^{\circ}C$ rise and did not bloom at 'Gosan', 'Seogwipo', and 'Jeju' locations from $4^{\circ}C$ rise. When monthly temperature was raised 1, 3, and $5^{\circ}C$ at 67 locations, predicted FBD was the most accelerated at March temperature rise, and followed by April, February, January and December. Therefore, global warming will cause acceleration of the full bloom date at pear production areas in Korea.

기온 상승이 '신고' 배나무의 만개일에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 배시험장의 시간별 기온자료로 발육지수를 산정하고, 기상청 관측자료에 있는 67개 지역의 최고 최저 온도에 의한 발육속도로 평년 만개일 분포 및 온도상승에 따른 만개일 변화를 추정하였다. 나주지역에서 '신고' 배나무의 발육지수는 0.9593이었다. 천안지역의 만개일 관측자료와 발육지수에 따른 예측자료와의 차이가 0-7일 범위였고, 일치한 해가 35.3%였다. 67개 지역의 평년 만개일은 4월 4일부터 5월 28일까지 분포하였다. 예측 만개일이 평년기온 보다 $5^{\circ}C$ 상승할 때까지 대부분의 지역에서 빨라졌지만 $3^{\circ}C$ 상승부터 남쪽의 해안가 지역에서 늦어졌으며, $4^{\circ}C$$5^{\circ}C$ 상승하면 제주, 고산(제주도 서부), 서귀포 지역에서는 개화되지 않는 것으로 추정되었다. 3월 기온 상승 시 예측 만개일의 변화가 가장 컸고, 4월, 2월, 1월 및 12월 순이었다. 기온상승에 따라 우리나라 배 재배 주산지의 만개일이 빨라질 것으로 전망되었다.

Keywords

References

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