The korean journal of orthodontics (대한치과교정학회지)

The Korean Association Of Orthodontists (대한치과교정학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of transition temperature range and phase transformation behavior of nickel-titanium wires

니켈-타이타늄 호선의 상전이 온도 범위와 상전이 행동 비교

  • Lee, Yu-Hyun (Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lim, Bum-Soon (Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Yong-Keun (Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Cheol-We (Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Baek, Seung-Hak (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University)
  • Published : 2010.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate the mechanical properties (MP) and degree of the phase transformation (PT) of martensitic (M-NiTi), austenitic (A-NiTi) and thermodynamic nickel-titanium wire (T-NiTi). Methods: The samples consisted of $0.016\;{\times}\;0.022$ inch M-NiTi (Nitinol Classic, NC), A-NiTi (Optimalloy, OPTI) and T-NiTi (Neo-Sentalloy, NEO). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), three-point bending test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and microstructure examination were used. Statistical evaluation was undertaken using ANOVA test. Results: In DSC analysis, OPTI and NEO showed two peaks in the heating curves and one peak in the cooling curves. However, NC revealed one single broad and weak peak in the heating and cooling curves. Austenite finishing ($A_f$) temperatures were $19.7^{\circ}C$ for OPTI, $24.6^{\circ}C$ for NEO and $52.4^{\circ}C$ for NC. In the three-point bending test, residual deflection was observed for NC, OPTI and NEO. The load ranges of NC and OPTI were broader and higher than NEO. XRD and microstructure analyses showed that OPTI and NEO had a mixture of martensite and austenite at temperatures below Martensite finishing ($M_f$). NEO and OPTI showed improved MP and PT behavior than NC. Conclusions: The mechanical and thermal behaviors of NiTi wire cannot be completely explained by the expected degree of PT because of complicated martensite variants and independent PT induced by heat and stress.

본 연구의 목적은 martensitic (M-NiTi), austenitic (A-NiTi) 및 thermodynamic nickel-titanium wire (T-NiTi)의 물리적 특징과 상전이 정도를 평가하는 것이다. 재료는 $0.016\;{\times}\;0.022$ inch의 M-NiTi (Nitinol Classic, NC), A-NiTi (Optimalloy, OPTI)와 T-NiTi (Neo-Sentalloy, NEO)이었으며, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 3점굽힘실험, X-ray diffraction (XRD), 미세구조 분석을 시행하였으며, ANOVA test로 통계처리하였다. DSC분석 결과 OPTI와 NEO는 heating curve에서 2개의 peak, cooling curve에서 1개의 peak를 보였고, NC는 heating과 cooling curve에서 1개의 넓고 약한 peak를 보였다. Austenite finishing ($A_f$) 온도는 OPTI $19.7^{\circ}C$, NEO $24.6^{\circ}C$, NC $52.4^{\circ}C$였다. 3점굽힘실험 결과 NC, OPTI, NEO 모두 residual deflection을 보였으며, NC와 OPTI의 load range가 NEO보다 컸다. XRD와 미세구조 분석결과 OPTI와 NEO는 Martensite finishing ($M_f$)에서 martensite와 austenite가 섞여 있음이 관찰되었다. NEO와 OPTI는 NC보다 개선된 물리적 특징과 상전이 행태를 보였다. NiTi 호선의 물리적, 온도에 따른 행태는 예상되었던 상전이 정도에 의해 완벽하게 설명되지 않았으며, 그 이유는 복잡한 martensite variants의 존재와 열과 stress에 의해 유도된 독립적인 상전이에 기인한다고 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Sakima MT, Dalstra M, Melsen B. How does temperature influence the properties of rectangular nickel-titanium wires? Eur J Orthod 2006;28:282-91.
  2. Gil FJ, Planell JA. Shape memory alloys for medical applications. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H] 1998;212:473-88.
  3. Khier SE, Brantley WA, Foumelle RA. Bending properties of superelastic and nonsuperelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;99:310-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(91)70013-M
  4. Ren CC, Bai YX, Wang HM, Zheng YF, Li S. Phase transformation analysis of varied nickel-titanium orthodontic wires. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008;121:2060-4.
  5. Meling TR, Odegaard J. The effect of temperature on the elastic responses to longitudinal torsion of rectangular nickel titanium archwires. Angle Orthod 1998;68:357-68.
  6. Meling TR, Odegaard J. The effect of short-term temperature changes on the mechanical properties of rectangular nickel titanium archwires tested in torsion. Angle Orthod 1998;68:369-76.
  7. Kusy RP, Wilson TW. Dynamic mechanical properties of straight titanium alloy arch wires. Dent Mater 1990;6:228-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0109-5641(05)80003-X
  8. Santoro M, Beshers DN. Nickel-titanium alloys: stress-related temperature transitional range. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2000;118:685-92. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2000.98113
  9. Brantley WA, Iijima M, Grentzer TH. Temperature-modulated DSC provides new insight about nickel-titanium wire transformations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;124:387-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(03)00570-5
  10. Iijima M, Ohno H, Kawashima I, Endo K, Mizoguchi I. Mechanical behavior at different temperatures and stresses for superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires having different transformation temperatures. Dent Mater 2002;18:88-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0109-5641(01)00025-2
  11. Bradley TG, Brantley WA, Culbertson BM. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of superelastic and nonsuperelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;109:589-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(96)70070-7
  12. Burstone CJ, Qin B, Morton JY. Chinese NiTi wire - a new orthodontic alloy. Am J Orthod 1985;87:445-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(85)90083-1
  13. Miura F, Mogi M, Ohura Y, Hamanaka H. The super-elastic property of the Japanese NiTi alloy wire for use in orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1986;90:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(86)90021-1
  14. Brantley WA, Guo W, Clark WA, Iijima M. Microstructural-studies of 35 degrees C copper Ni-Ti orthodontic wire and TEM confirmation of low-temperature martensite transformation. Dent Mater 2008;24:204-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2007.04.004
  15. Iijima M, Ohno H, Kawashima I, Endo K, Brantley WA, Mizoguchi I. Micro X-ray diffraction study of superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires at different temperatures and stresses. Biomaterials 2002;23:1769-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00303-9
  16. Thayer TA, Bagby MD, Moore RN, DeAngelis RJ. X-ray diffraction of nitinol orthodontic arch wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995;107:604-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(95)70103-6
  17. Brantley WA, Iijima M, Grentzer TH. Temperature-modulated DSC provides new insight about nickel-titanium wires transformations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;124:387-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(03)00570-5
  18. Barwart O, Rollinger JM, Burger A. An evaluation of the transition temperature range of superelastic orthodontic NiTi springs using differential scanning calorimetry. Eur J Orthod 1999;21:497-502. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/21.5.497
  19. Rondelli G, Vicentini B. Evaluation by electrochemical tests of the passive film stability of equiatomic Ni-Ti alloy also in presence of stress-induced martensite. J Biomed Mater Res 2000;51:47-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(200007)51:1<47::AID-JBM7>3.0.CO;2-P
  20. Airoldi G, Riva G. Innovative materials: the NiTi alloys in orthodontics. Biomed Mater Eng 1996;6:299-305.
  21. Airoldi G, Riva G, Vanelli M, Filippi V, Garattini G. Oral environment temperature changes induced by cold/hot liquid intake. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997;112:58-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(97)70274-9
  22. Volchansky A, Cleaton-Jones P. Variations in oral temperature. J Oral Rehabil 1994;21:605-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1994.tb01175.x
  23. Moore R J, Watts JT, Hood JA, Burritt DJ. Intra-oral temperature variation over 24 hours. Eur J Orthod 1999;21:249-61. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/21.3.249
  24. Dalstra M, Melsen B. Does the transition temperature of Cu-NiTi archwires affect the amount of tooth movement during alignment? Orthod Craniofac Res 2004;7:21-5. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1601-6335.2003.00275.x
  25. Yoneyama T, Doi H, Harnanaka H, Yamamoto M, Kuroda T. Bending properties and transformation temperatures of heat-treated Ni-Ti alloy wire for orthodontic appliances. J Biomed Mater Res 1993;27:399-402. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820270313
  26. Tonner RI, Waters NE. The characteristics of super-elastic Ni-Ti wires in three-point bending. Part I: the effect of temperature. Eur J Orthod 1994;16:409-19. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/16.5.409
  27. Bishara SE, Winterbottom JM, Sulieman AA, Rim K, Jakobsen JR. Comparisons of the thermodynamic properties of three nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires. Angle Orthod 1995;65: 117-22.
  28. Filleul MP, Jordan L. Torsional properties of Ni-Ti and copper Ni-Ti wires: the effect of temperature on physical properties. Eur J Orthod 1997;19:637-46. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/19.6.637
  29. Oltjen JM, Duncanson MG Jr, Ghosh J, Nanda RS, Currier GF. Stiffness-deflection behavior of selected orthodontic wires. Angle Orthod 1997;67:209-18.
  30. Nakano H, Satoh K, Norris R, Jin T, Kamegai T, Ishikawa F, et al. Mechanical properties of several nickel-titanium alloy wires in three-point bending tests. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;115:390-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(99)70257-X
  31. Gurgel JA, Kerr S, Powers JM, LeCrone V. Force-deflection properties of superelastic nickel-titanium archwires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;120:378-82. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2001.117200
  32. Wilkinson PD, Dysart PS, Hood JA, Herbison GP. Load-deflection characteristics of superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;121:483-95. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2002.121819
  33. Fischer-Brandies H, Es-Souni M, Kock N, Raetzke K, Bock O. Transformation behavior, chemical composition, surface topography and bending properties of five selected 0.016" x 0.022" NiTi archwires. J Orofac Orthop 2003;64:88-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-003-0062-8
  34. Parvizi F, Rock WP. The load/deflection characteristics of thermally activated orthodontic archwires. Eur J Orthod 2003;25: 417-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/25.4.417