Journal of Ecology and Environment

The Ecological Society of Korea (한국생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Control of an invasive alien species, Ambrosia trifida with restoration by introducing willows as a typical riparian vegetation

  • Lee, Chang-Seok (Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Seoul Women's University) ;
  • Cho, Yong-Chan (Department of Biology, Graduate School of Seoul Women's University) ;
  • Shin, Hyun-Cheol (Department of Biology, Graduate School of Seoul Women's University) ;
  • Kim, Gyung-Soon (Department of Biology, Graduate School of Seoul Women's University) ;
  • Pi, Jeong-Hoon (Department of Biology, Graduate School of Seoul Women's University)
  • Received : 2010.02.11
  • Accepted : 2010.03.22
  • Published : 2010.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We evaluated the restoration effect by introducing willows as a means of controlling invasions of giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) on a riparian site. Our preliminary survey demonstrated that a problematic exotic species, giant ragweed and the representative riparian species, Salix koreensis are in competitive exclusive relationship. We planted willows at 1 m intervals on the bank of the Dongmun stream at Munsan, Paju, in Central Western Korea as an experimental restoration practice. We installed two 50 m $\times$ 5 m sized restored and non-restored for this experimental study. The non-restored plots were located on river banks, which were covered with concrete blocks and left in itself without any treatment. The height of willow was measured after each of three consecutive growing seasons and compared with the height of the giant ragweed. Although the height of Salix gracilistyla did not achieve the height of the giant ragweed, the height of S. koreensis surpassed that of giant ragweed in the third year after introduction. The results were also reflected in the relative light intensity on the herb layer of willow stand, and thereby the relative light intensities of stands, which were dominated by S. koreensis or restored by introducing S. koreensis, 1.99 $\pm$ 0.33 (%, mean $\pm$ SD) and 1.92 $\pm$ 0.50 (%, mean $\pm$ SD), respectively were lower than those in the stands treated by S. gracilistyla, 3.01 $\pm$ 0.43 (%, mean $\pm$ SD). The giant ragweed stands receive full sunlight as there are no any vegetation layers higher than the herb layer formed by the giant ragweed. As the result of Detrended Correspondence analysis ordination based on naturally established vegetation, the stands dominated by willows and giant ragweed showed different species composition between both stands. The species composition of the restoratively treated sites resembled the reference sites more than the non-treated sites. The species diversity (H') of the sites restored by introducing S. koreensis and S. gracilistyla was higher than the non-restored site dominated by A. trifida. On the basis of our results, the restoration of riparian vegetation equipped with integrated features could contribute not only to the control of exotic plants including giant ragweed but also to ensure the diversity and stability of riverine ecosystems.

Keywords

References

  1. Baird K. 1989. High quality restoration of riparian ecosystems. Restor Manage Notes 7: 60-64.
  2. Barbour MG, Burk JH, Pitts WD, Gilliam FS, Schwartz MW. 1999. Terrestrial Plant Ecology. Addison Wesley Longman, New York.
  3. Berger JJ. 1993. Ecological restoration and nonindigenous plant species: a review. Restor Ecol 1: 74-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.1993.tb00012.x
  4. Braun-Blanquet J. 1964. Pflanzensoziologie: Grundze der Vegetaionskunde. Springer-Verlag, Wien.
  5. Correll DL. 2005. Principles of planning and establishment of buffer zones. Ecol Eng 24: 433-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.01.007
  6. Curtis JT, McIntosh RP. 1951. An upland forest continuum in the prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin. Ecology 32: 476-496. https://doi.org/10.2307/1931725
  7. Dulohery CJ, Kolka RK, McKevlin MR. 2000. Effects of a willow overstory on planted seedlings in a bottomland restoration. Ecol Eng 15(Suppl 1): S57-S66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(99)00072-5
  8. Hill MO. 1979. DECORANA: a FORTRAN Program for Detrended Correspondence Analysis and Reciprocal AverAging. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
  9. Kangas PC. 2004. Ecological Engineering: Principles and Practice. Lewis Publisher, Boca Raton, FL.
  10. Kim KD, Ewing K, Giblin DE. 2006. Controlling Phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass) with live willow stakes: a density-dependent response. Ecol Eng 27: 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.02.007
  11. Korean Association for Nature Conservation. 1999. Distribution and ecology of harmful exotic animals and plants designated by Ministry of Environment (in Gangwon-do). Korean Association for Nature Conservation, Seoul.
  12. Korean Plant Names Index. 2003. http://www.koreaplants.go.kr:9090/. Accessed 17 January 2010.
  13. Kovach W. 2004. Muti-Variate Statistical Package (MVSP). Kovach Computing Services, Pentraeth.
  14. Lee CS, Cho YC, Shin HC, Lee SM, Cho HJ. 2007. Effects of partial habitat restoration by a method suitabel for riverine environments in Korea. J Ecol Field Biol 30: 171-177. https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2007.30.2.171
  15. Lee CS, Moon JS, Woo HS, Ahn HG, Cho GH, Bae YS, Byun HG. 2006. An analysis on landscape structure and biodiversity of the Bokha stream as a model to restore the degraded urban stream. J Ecol Field Biol 29: 113-124. https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2006.29.2.113
  16. Lee CS, Cho YC, Shin HC, Moon JS, Lee BC, Bae YS, Byun HG, Yi H. 2005. Ecological response of streams in Korea under different management regimes. Water Eng Res Int J KWRA 6: 131-147.
  17. Lee CS, Moon JS, Woo HS, Ahn HG, Cho GH, Bae YS, Byun HG. 2006. An analysis on landscape structure and biodiversity of the Bokha stream as a model to restore the degraded urban stream. J Ecol Field Biol 29:113-124. https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2006.29.2.113
  18. Lee CS, Cho YC, Shin HC, Lee SM, Cho HJ. 2007. Effects of partial habitat restoration by a method suitable for riverine environments in Korea. J Ecol Field Biol 30: 171-177. https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2007.30.2.171
  19. Lee TB 1985. Illustrated Flora of Korea. Hyangmoonsa, Seoul. (in Korean)
  20. Magurran AE. 2003. Measuring Biological Diversity. Blackwell Publishing, New York.
  21. Maurer DA, Zedler JB. 2002. Differential invasion of a wetland grass explained by tests of nutrients and light availability on establishment and clonal growth. Oecologia 131: 279-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-0886-8
  22. McLeod KW, Reed MR, Nelson EA. 2001. Influence of a willow canopy on tree seedling establishment for wetland restoration. Wetlands 21: 395-402. https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2001)021[0395:IOAWCO]2.0.CO;2
  23. McNeely JA, Mooney HA, Naville LE, Schei P, Waage JK. 2001. Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge.
  24. Ministry of Environment. 2006. Construction of Monitoring System and Study on Management Plan on Ecosystem Disturbing Species. Ministry of Environment, Gwacheon.
  25. Naiman RJ, Decamps H. 1990. The Ecology and Management of Aquatic-Terrestrial Ecotones. Parthenon Publishing, Carnforth.
  26. Naiman RJ, Johnston CA, Kelley JC. 1988. Alteration of North American streams by beaver. Bioscience 38: 753-762. https://doi.org/10.2307/1310784
  27. National Institute of Environmental Research. 1995. Survey for Ecological Impact by Naturalized Organisms (I). National Institute of Environmental Research, Seoul.
  28. National Institute of Environmental Research. 1996. Survey for Ecological Impact by Naturalized Organisms (II). National Institute of Environmental Research, Seoul.
  29. National Research Council. 1992. Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems: Science, Technology, and Public Policy. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  30. Park SH. 1995. Colored Illustrations of Naturalized Plants of Korea. Ilchokak, Seoul. (in Korean)
  31. Perry LG, Galatowitsch SM. 2003. A test of two annual cover crops for controlling Phalaris arundinacea invasion in restored sedge meadow wetlands. Restor Ecol 11: 297-307. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2003.00174.x
  32. Petts GE. 1990. Forested river corridors: a lost resource? In: Water Engineering and Landscape (Cosgrove D, Petts GE, eds). Belhaven Press, London, pp 12-34.
  33. Salinas MJ, Guirado J. 2002. Riparian plant restoration in summer-dry riverbeds of Southeastern Spain. Restor Ecol 10: 695-702. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01050.x

Cited by

  1. Light Availability Prevails Over Soil Fertility and Structure in the Performance of Asian Knotweeds on Riverbanks: New Management Perspectives vol.52, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0160-3
  2. Habitat characteristics of sweet flag (Acorus calamus) and their relationships with sweet flag biomass vol.9, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-011-0176-x
  3. spp.) vol.36, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2017.1360112
  4. Giant Ragweed Invasion is Not Well Controlled by Biotic Resistance vol.61, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-017-0472-6