Journal of Korea Multimedia Society (한국멀티미디어학회논문지)

Korea Multimedia Society (한국멀티미디어학회)
권호 표지

Pre-cluster HEAD Selection Scheme based on Node Distance in Chain-Based Protocol

체인기반 프로토콜에서 노드의 거리에 따른 예비 헤드노드 선출 방법

  • 김현덕 (인하대학교 일반대학원 정보공학과) ;
  • 최원익 (인하대학교 정보통신공학부)
  • Published : 2009.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

PEGASIS, a chain-based protocol, forms chains from sensor nodes so that each node transmits and receives from a neighbor. In this way, only one node (known as a HEAD) is selected from that chain to transmit to the sink. Although PEGASIS is able to balance the workload among all of the nodes by selecting the HEAD node in turn, a considerable amount of energy may be wasted when nodes which are far away from sink node act as the HEAD. In this study, DERP (Distance-based Energy-efficient Routing Protocol) is proposed to address this problem. DERP is a chain-based protocol that improves the greedy-algorithm in PEGASIS by taking into account the distance from the HEAD to the sink node. The main idea of DERP is to adopt a pre-HEAD (P-HD) to distribute the energy load evenly among sensor nodes. In addition, to scale DERP to a large network, it can be extended to a multi-hop clustering protocol by selecting a "relay node" according to the distance between the P-HD and SINK. Analysis and simulation studies of DERP show that it consumes up to 80% less energy, and has less of a transmission delay compared to PEGASIS.

Chain-based protocol방법 중의 하나인 PEGASIS는 모든 노드들의 공평한 에너지 소모를 유도 할 수 있지만 BS(Base station)로부터 멀리 떨어진 노드들 중에서 HEAD가 선택될 경우에는 데이터 전송 시에 심각한 에너지 소모와 불필요한 노드들 간의 데이터 이동이 발생하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 PEGASIS의 greedy알고리즘을 응용하고, BS를 기준으로 주변 node들과의 거리를 비교하여 에너지 소모를 줄일 수 있는 프로토콜인 DERP(Distance-based Energy efficient routing protocol)을 제안한다. DERP의 기법은 예비헤드(P-HD)노드를 선택하여 보다 효율적인 클러스터 구조를 생성할 수 있는 방법이다. 아울러 더 큰 센서 필드에서의 확장을 위해서 PEGASIS와 제안방법에서 기본이 되는 single-hop 기반의 통신을 HEAD와 BS와의 거리에 따른 relay노드를 선택함으로서 multi-hop 기반의 통신으로 변환하여 에너지 소모를 줄일 수 있는 방법을 추가하였다. DERP의 시뮬레이션 결과 값으로 에너지 효율은 기존의 PEGASIS방법에 비해 최고 80%정도까지의 에너지 효율이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 데이터 전송 지연 역시 감소하는 것으로 확인 되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. W. Ye, J. Heidemann and D. Estrin "An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks" IEEE INFOCOM Vol 3, pp. 1567-1576, June 2002.
  2. J. Polastre, J. Hill and D. Culler "Versatile Low Power Media Access for Wireless Sensor Networks" ACM SenSys'04, 2005.
  3. M. Buettner, G.V, Yee, E. Anderson and R. Han, "X-MAC: a short preamble MAC protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor network," Proceeding of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, ACM Press New York, NY, USA, pp. 307-320, 2006.
  4. C. Intangonwiwat, R. Govindan, D. Estrin, J. Heidemann and F. Silva "Directed Diffusion for Wireless Sensor Networking," IEEE/ ACM Transaction on Networking, Vol.11, No.1, pp. 2-16, Feb. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2002.808417
  5. J. Kilik, W. Rabiner and H. Balakrishnan "Adaptive Protocols for Information Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks," Proc. ACM Mobicom'99, pp. 174-185, 1999.
  6. W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, "Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Network," IEEE HICSS, Jan. 2000.
  7. W. Heinzelman, "An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks," IEEE ToWC, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2002.
  8. S. Lindsey and C. Raghavendra, "PEGASIS : Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System," IEEE Aerospace Conf. Proc, Vol. 3, pp. 1125-1130, 2002.
  9. A. Manjeshwar and D. P. Agrawal "TEEN: A Routing Protoocl for Enhanced Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks," 1st International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issue in Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing, Apr. 2001.
  10. A. Manjeshwar and D. P. Agrawal "APTEEN: A Hybrid Protocol for Efficient Routing and Comprehensive Information Retrieval in Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE IPDPS'02 Proceedings, 2002.
  11. Y. Yu, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin, "Geographical and Energy Aware Routing: a recursive data dissemination protocol for wireless sensor networks," UCLA Computer Science Department Technical Report UCLA/ CSD-TR-01-0023, 2001.
  12. B. Karp and H. T. Kung, "GPSR: Greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless sensor networks," in the Proceedings of the 6th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom '00), Boston, MA, Aug. 2000.
  13. 배정숙, 김성희, "무선 센서 네트워크에서의 라우팅 프로토콜," 주간기술동향 통권 1140호, 정보통신연구진흥원, 2004.
  14. Ian F. Akyildiz, Weilian Su, Yogesh Sankarasubramaniam, and Erdal Cayirci "A Survey on Sensor Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, Aug. 2002.
  15. Kemal Akkaya and Mohamed Younis "A Survey on Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks," Ad-Hoc Networks 3, pp. 325-327, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2003.09.010
  16. Jamil Ibriq and Imad Mahgoub "Cluster-Based Routing in wireless Sensor Networks : Issue and Challenges," SPECTS '04, 2004.
  17. 서창진, 양진웅 "개선된 센서 라우팅 방식 : A-PEGASIS," 정보과학회논문지, 정보통신 제34권, 제6호, 2007.
  18. 정성민, 박선호, 한영주, 정태명 "데이터 방향성에 기반한 향상된 PEGASIS라우팅 프로토콜 기법 연구," 한국정보처리학회 06'춘계학술대회, 2006.
  19. Lingyun Yuan, Sufen Li and Yunlong Zhu "A New Chain-Based Data gathering Protocol for Wireless sensor Transportation Monitoring Network," ICIC 2006, LNAI4114, pp. 1258-1267, 2006.
  20. L. Ying and Y. Haibin "Energy Adaptive Cluster-Head Selection for Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE PDCAT'05 Proceedings, 2005.
  21. 이상훈, 석정봉 "무선센서 네트워크를 위한 LEACH 프로토콜의 에너지 효율 향상 방안," 한국통신학회논문지, 08-02 Vol.33 No.2, 2008
  22. H. Yang and B. Sikdar "Optimal Cluster Head Selection in the LEACH Architecture," IEEE IPCCC2007, 2007.
  23. 김병준, 유상신 "무선 센서 네트워크에서 에너지 효율적인 클러스터 헤드 선택 알고리즘," 한국정보과학회 07'가을학술발표 논문집, Vol.34, No.2(D), 2007.
  24. Huseyin Ozgur Tan and Ibrahim Korpeoglu "Power Efficient Data Gathering and Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Network," SIGMOD Record, Vol.32, No.4, Dec. 2003.
  25. Yong-hu Han, Seon-Ho Park, Jung-HO Eom and Tai-Myoung Chung, "Energy-Efficient Distance Based Clustering Routing scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks," ICCSA2007, LNCS 4706 Part II, pp. 196-206, 2007.
  26. Kemei Du, Jie Wu and Dan Zhou "Chain-based Protocols for Data broadcasting and gathering in the sensor Networks," IEEE IPDPS'03, 2003.
  27. Volkan Rodoplu and Teresa H. Meng "Minimum Energy Mobile wireless Networks," IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL 17, NO. 8, 1999.