Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society (한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지)

Korea Computer Graphics Society (한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회)
권호 표지

Oriental Black Ink Rendering System

수묵화 렌더링 시스템

  • 정규만 (대구대학교 정보통신공학부) ;
  • 이승응 (포항공과대학교 컴퓨터공학과)
  • Published : 2009.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper presents an automatic rendering system for 3D meshes which generates images in the style of oriental black ink painting. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of black ink painting and present some requirements for our black ink rendering system. Then we survey the steps used by artists to create black ink paintings. Based on the analysis of drawing steps, we propose a black ink rendering system which reproduces the key features of black ink painting through three sub-systems: the feature line layer, the interior shading layer, and the media layer. The main contribution of this paper is to introduce new methods which generate realistic and natural results very fast while any simulation methods are not used to satisfy real-time performance. We describe our implementation of each of these, and demonstrate our results in the major three styles of black ink painting: the outline style, the spontaneous style, and the outline-spontaneous style. Our system renders 3D models of moderate complexity at interactive frame rates. As a result, we expect that our system can be directly applied to real-time applications such as computer games and virtual environments.

이 논문에서는 삼차원 메쉬를 이용한 자동화된 수묵화 렌더링 시스템을 소개한다. 먼저 수묵화의 특징을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 수묵화 렌더링 시스템을 위한 요구사항을 제시한다. 또한 수묵화를 그릴 때 사용되는 중요한 단계들을 살펴본다. 이러한 분석에 기반하여 본 논문에서 제시하는 시스템은 다음과 같은 세 가지 레이어로 나누어진다: 중요선 레이어, 내부 칠하기 레이어 미디어 레이어. 본 논문의 가장 큰 특징은 사실적인 이미지 생성과 실시간 렌더링이라는 두 가지 요구사항을 모두 만족시킬 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제시한다는 점이다. 이 시스템은 몰골법, 백묘법, 구륵법 등 수묵화의 대표적인 세 가지 스타일을 쉽게 생성할 수 있다. 본 논문의 연구 결과는 컴퓨터 게임과 가상 환경 등 실시간 특성이 중요한 요소가 되는 어플리케이션에 바로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

Keywords

References

  1. B. Gooch and A. Gooch, Non-Photorealistic Rendering. A K Peters, 2001.
  2. T. Strothotte and S. Schlechtweg, Non-Photorealistic Computer Graphics: Modeling, Rendering, and Animation. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2002.
  3. C. Curtis, S. Anderson, J. Seims, K. Fleischer, and D. Salesin, “Computer-generated watercolor,” ACM Computer Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH ’97), pp. 421–430, 1997.
  4. M. C. Sousa and J. W. Buchanan, “Computer-generated graphite pencil rendering of 3D polygonal models,” Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. Eurographics’99), pp. 195– 208, 1999.
  5. E. Praun, H. Hoppe, M. Webb, and A. Finkelstein, “Realtime hatching,” ACM Computer Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH 2001), pp. 581–586, 2001.
  6. L. Q. Zhen, Chinese Painting Techniques for Exquisite Watercolors. North Light Books, 2000.
  7. S. Strassmann, “Hairy brushes,” ACM Computer Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH ’86), pp. 225–232, 1986.
  8. J. Lee, “Simulating oriental black-ink painting,” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 74-81, 1999.
  9. J. Lee, “Diffusion rendering of black ink paintings using new paper and ink models,” Computers and Graphics, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 295–308, 2001.
  10. Y. J. Yu, D. H. Lee, Y. B. Lee, and H. G. Cho, “Interactive rendering technique for realistic oriental painting,” Proc. Winter School of Computer Graphics ’2003, pp. 538–545, 2003.
  11. J.-W. Yeh and M. Ouhyoung, “Non-photorealistic rendering in Chinese painting of animals,” Journal of System Simulation, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1220–1224, 2002.
  12. S.-J. Kang and C.-H. Kim, “Real-time 3D sumi-e painting,” SIGGRAPH 2003 Skteches and Applications, 2003.
  13. S.-J. Kang, S.-J. Kim, and C.-H. Kim, “Hardware-accelerated real-time rendering for 3d sumi-e painting,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 599–608, 2003.
  14. A.W. Klein,W. Li, M. Kazhdan,W. T. Correa, A. Finkelstein, and T. A. Funkhouser, “Non-photorealistic virtual environments,” ACM Computer Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH 2000), pp. 527–534, 2000.
  15. T. Nishita, S. Takita, and E. Nakamae, “A display algorithm of brush strokes using bezier functions,” Proc. Computer Graphics International ’93, pp. 244–257, June 1993.
  16. D.-L. Way and Z.-C. Shih, “The synthesis of rock textures in Chinese landscape painting,” Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. Eurographics 2001), pp. 123–131, 2001.
  17. D.-L. Way, C.-W. Hsu, H.-Y. Chiu, and Z.-C. Shin, “Computer-generated chinese painting for landscape and portraits,” Proc. Winter School of Computer Graphics ’2001, pp. 387-394, 2001.
  18. D.-L. Way, Y.-R. Lin, and Z.-C. Shih, “The synthesis of trees in Chinese landscape painting using silhouette and texture strokes,” Proc. Winter School of Computer Graphics ’2002, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 499–506, 2002.
  19. C. C. Chan, E. Akleman, and J. Chen, “Two methods for creating chinese painting,” Proc. Pacific Graphics 2002, pp. 403–412, 2002.
  20. N. S.-H. Chu and C.-L. Tai, “Moxi: Real-time ink dispersion in absorbent paper,” pp. 504–511, 2005.
  21. S. Grabli, E. Turquin, F. Durand, and F. Sillion, “Programmable style for npr line drawing,” Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, pp. 33–44, 2004.
  22. R. D. Kalnins, L. Markosian, B. J. Meier, M. A. Kowalski, J. C. Lee, P. L. Davidson, M. Webb, J. F. Hughes, and A. Finkelstein, “WYSIWYG NPR: Drawing strokes directly on 3D models,” ACM Computer Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH 2002), pp. 755–762, 2002.
  23. L. Markosian, M. A. Kowalski, S. J. Trychin, L. D. Bourdev, D. Goldstein, and J. F. Hughes, “Real-time nonphotorealistic rendering,” ACM Computer Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH ’97), pp. 415–420, 1997.
  24. A. Hertzmann and D. Zorin, “Illustrating smooth surfaces,” ACM Computer Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH 2000), pp. 517– 526, 2000.
  25. J. Northrup and L. Markosian, “Artistic silhouettes: A hybrid approach,” Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering (Proc. NPAR 2000), pp. 31–37, 2000.
  26. T. Isenberg, N. Halper, and T. Strothotte, “Stylizing silhouettes at interactive rates: From silhouette edges to silhouette strokes,” Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. Eurographics 2002), vol. 21, no. 3, 2002.
  27. T. Isenberg, N. Halper, S. Schlechtweg, and T. Strothotte, “A developer’s guide to silhouette algorithms for polygonal models,” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 28–37, 2003.
  28. D. DeCarlo, A. Finkelstein, S. Rusinkiewicz, and A. Santella, “Suggestive contours for conveying shape,” ACM Computer Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH 2003), pp. 848–855, 2003.
  29. M. A. Kowalski, L. Markosian, J. D. Northrup, L. Bourdev, R. Barzel, L. S. Holden, and J. Hughes, “Art-based rendering of fur, grass, and trees,” ACM Computer Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH ’99), pp. 433–438, 1999.
  30. D. Shreiner, M. Woo, J. Neider, and T. Davis, OpenGL Programming Guide: The Official Guide to Learning OpenGL, Version 2, Fifth Edition. AddisonWesley Professional, 2005.
  31. A. Lake, C. Marshall, M. Harris, and M. Blackstein, “Stylized rendering techniques for scalable real-time 3D animation,” Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering (Proc. NPAR 2000), pp. 13–20, 2000.
  32. R. D. Kalnins, P. L. Davidson, L. Markosian, and A. Finkelstein, “Coherent stylized silhouettes,” ACM Computer Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH 2003), pp. 856–861, 2003.