Abstract
Road construction has been worked on by focusing on cost effectiveness such as the reduction of construction costs without understanding the natural environment and ecosystems. In addition, since ecosystems have been destroyed and the habitats of animals and plants have been isolated, wild animals have sought other habitats or have moved into isolated habitats. Thus, issues such as roadkills or the extermination of species are increasingly occurring. Based on this background, the development and application of a general assessment method need to be researched in order to verify whether or not spaces or habitats where animals can be inhabited and their species can be maintained exist. The purpose of this study is to develop an ecosystem map where a conservation value evaluation method considering the functions of an ecosystem where animals live as well as the naturalness of ecosystems is used and can be made into a drawing. The items applied to evaluate the habitat conservation values were naturalness, rarity, and functionality, and sub-items for evaluation were created. GIS as well as the evaluation items were used to create a digital map about the level of importance based on the evaluation criteria. The created digital map showed that it was not limited to the adjustment or distribution of the fauna and flora but was applicable for a general ecosystem evaluation method for the conservation of habitats. It is expected that the isolation of habitats would be able to be minimized if the digital map is used for road construction projects. The digital map is deemed to be able to be used for the construction of environmentally friendly roads, which will minimize the destruction of ecosystems and the isolation of habitats for creatures.
도로건설은 생물서식지를 단절시키고 고립시키는 등 생태환경 훼손이 우려되고 있으며, 도로건설에 따른 환경영향을 최소화하고 생물서식환경을 보존하기 위한 종합적인 평가기법의 개발 및 적용에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자연생태계의 자연성뿐만 아니라 동물이 서식하는 생태계의 기능을 고려한 보전가치평가기법을 적용하여 이를 도면화 할 수 있는 서식처평가지도를 개발하고자 하였다. 서식처보전가치평가에 적용한 평가 항목은 크게 자연성, 희귀성, 기능성 항목의 3가지 항목으로 선정하였으며 이에 따른 세부평가항목을 구성하였다. GIS를 이용하여 평가기준에 따라 중요도에 대한 수치지도를 작성하였다. 연구결과 나타난 수치지도는 단순히 동물과 식물의 종 조성이나 분포에만 한정된 것이 아니라 서식처 보전을 위한 종합적인 생태계 평가기법이 가능함을 보여주었고, 이를 통하여 생태계 파괴 및 생물 서식처 단절을 최소화 한 환경친화적인 도로건설에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
