Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Observed tropical cyclone wind flow characteristics

  • Schroeder, John L. (Atmospheric Science Group, Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University) ;
  • Edwards, Becca P. (Texas Tech University) ;
  • Giammanco, Ian M. (Texas Tech University)
  • Received : 2009.01.15
  • Accepted : 2009.04.23
  • Published : 2009.07.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Since 1998, several institutions have deployed mobile instrumented towers to collect research-grade meteorological data from landfalling tropical cyclones. This study examines the wind flow characteristics from seven landfalling tropical cyclones using data collected from eight individual mobile tower deployments which occurred from 1998-2005. Gust factor, turbulence intensity, and integral scale statistics are inspected relative to changing surface roughness, mean wind speed and storm-relative position. Radar data, acquired from the National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Surveillance Radar - 1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network, are examined to explore potential relationships with respect to radar reflectivity and precipitation structure (convective versus stratiform). The results indicate tropical cyclone wind flow characteristics are strongly influenced by the surrounding surface roughness (i.e., exposure) at each observation site, but some secondary storm dependencies are also documented.

Keywords

References

  1. Ashcroft, J. (1994), "The relationship between the gust ratio, terrain roughness, gust duration and the hourly mean wind speed", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 53, 331-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)90090-6
  2. Beljaars, A.C.M. (1987), "The measurement of gustiness at routine wind stations - a review", Scientific Report WR87-11, KNMI, de Bilt, Netherlands.
  3. Blessing, C. and Masters, F. (2005), "Attrition of ground weather observations during hurricane landfall", Proc. Tenth Americas Conf. on Wind Engineering, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
  4. Bradbury, W.M.S., Deaves, D.M., Hunt, J.C.R., Kershaw, R., Nakamura, K., Hardman, M.E. and Bearman, P.W. (1994), "The importance of convective gusts", Meteorol. Appl., 1, 365-378. https://doi.org/10.1002/met.5060010407
  5. Deaves, D.M. (1981), "Terrain-dependence on longitudinal R.M.S. velocities in the neutral atmosphere", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 8, 259-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(81)90025-8
  6. Fujita, T. (1985), The downburst, SMRP Research Paper Number 210, University of Chicago, 122 pp.
  7. Houze, R.A. Jr. (2007), "Stratiform precipitation in regions of convection: A meteorological paradox?", B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2179-2196. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2179:SPIROC>2.0.CO;2
  8. Jorgensen, D.P. (1984), "Mesoscale and convective scale characteristics of mature hurricanes. Part I: General observations by aircraft", J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1268-1285. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<1268:MACSCO>2.0.CO;2
  9. Kaimal, J.C., Wyngaard, J.C., Izumi, Y. and Cote, O.R. (1972), "Spectral characteristics of surface-layer turbulence", Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 98, 563-589. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49709841707
  10. Klazura, G.E. and Imy, D.A. (1993), "A description of the initial set of analysis products available from the NEXRAD WSR-88D System", B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 74, 1293-1311. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074<1293:ADOTIS>2.0.CO;2
  11. Krayer, W.R. and Marshall, R.D. (1992), "Gust factors applied to tropical cyclone winds", B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 73, 613-617. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<0613:GFATHW>2.0.CO;2
  12. Lorsolo, S., Schroeder, J.L., Dodge, P. and Marks, F. (2008), "An observational study of hurricane boundary layer small-scale features", Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 2871-2893. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008MWR2273.1
  13. Paulsen, B.M. and Schroeder, J.L. (2005), "An examination of tropical and extratropical gust factors and the associated wind speed histograms", J. Appl. Meteorol., 44, 270-280. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2199.1
  14. Powell, M.D., Dodge, P.P. and Black, M.L. (1991), "The landfall of Hurricane Hugo in the Carolinas", Weather Forecast, 6, 379-399. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0379:TLOHHI>2.0.CO;2
  15. Powell, M.D., Houston, S.H. and Reinhold, T.A. (1996), "Hurricane Andrew's Landfall in South Florida. Part I: Standardizing measurements for documentation of surface wind fields", Weather Forecast, 11, 304-328. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1996)011<0304:HALISF>2.0.CO;2
  16. Powell, M.D., Houston, S.H., Amat, L.R. and Morisseau-Leroy, N. (1998), "The HRD real-time hurricane wind analysis system", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 77-78, 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00131-7
  17. Powell, M.D. and Reinhold, T.A. (2007), "Tropical cyclone destructive potential by integrated kinetic energy", B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 88, 513-526. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-88-4-513
  18. Rosenthal, S.L. (1962), A theoretical analysis of the field of motion in the hurricane boundary layer, National Hurricane Research Project Rep. 56, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 12 pp.
  19. Schroeder, J.L., Smith, D.A. and Peterson, R.E. (1998), "Variation of turbulence intensities and integral scales during the passage of a hurricane", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 77-78, 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00132-9
  20. Schroeder, J.L. and Smith, D.A. (2003), "Tropical cyclone Bonnie wind flow characteristics", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91, 767-789. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00475-0
  21. Sparks, P.R. and Huang, Z. (2001), "Gust factors and surface-to-gradient wind-speed ratios in tropical cyclones", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 89, 1047-1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(01)00098-8
  22. Vickery, P.J. and Skerlj, P.F. (2005), "Hurricane gust factors revisited", J. Struct. Eng., 131, 825-832. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:5(825)
  23. Wieringa, J. (1992), "Updating the Davenport roughness classification", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 41, 357-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90434-C
  24. Yu, B., Gan Chowdurry, A. and Masters, F.J. (2008), "Hurricane power spectra, co-spectra and integral length scales." Bound-Lay. Meteorol., 129, 411-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-008-9316-8
  25. Yu, B. and Gan Chowdurry, A. (2009), "Gust factors and turbulence intensities for the tropical cyclone environment", J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 48, 534-552. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JAMC1906.1

Cited by

  1. Field measurements of extreme pressures on a flat roof of a low-rise building during typhoons vol.111, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.08.003
  2. Surface wind measurements in three Gulf Coast hurricanes of 2005 vol.98, pp.10-11, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2010.04.003
  3. Characterisation of the wind properties in the Grande Ravine viaduct vol.173, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.12.012
  4. Field measurements of boundary layer wind characteristics and wind loads of a parabolic trough solar collector vol.86, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.02.036
  5. Influences on Observed Near-Surface Gust Factors in Landfalling U.S. Gulf Coast Hurricanes: 2004–08 vol.55, pp.12, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0053.1
  6. Use of Ground-based Radar for Climate-Scale Studies of Weather and Rainfall vol.4, pp.9, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2010.00370.x
  7. A comparative study of field measurements of the turbulence characteristics of typhoon and hurricane winds vol.140, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2014.12.008
  8. Boundary layer wind structure from observations on a 325m tower vol.98, pp.12, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2010.08.001
  9. Estimation of turbulence intensities under strong wind conditions via turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates vol.131, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2014.04.008
  10. Modeling typhoon wind power spectra near sea surface based on measurements in the South China sea vol.104-106, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.04.005
  11. Aspects of Observed Gust Factors in Landfalling Tropical Cyclones: Gust Components, Terrain, and Upstream Fetch Effects vol.155, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-014-9989-0
  12. Field measurements of wind effects on a low-rise building with roof overhang during typhoons vol.176, pp.None, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.03.015
  13. An Analytical Framework for the Investigation of Tropical Cyclone Wind Characteristics over Different Measurement Conditions vol.9, pp.24, 2009, https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245385
  14. Observational study of wind characteristics from 356-meter-high Shenzhen Meteorological Tower during a severe typhoon vol.30, pp.6, 2009, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2020.30.6.575
  15. Transition of the Hurricane Boundary Layer during the Landfall of Hurricane Irene (2011) vol.77, pp.10, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0290.1