References
-
Shapira L, Soskolne WA, Sela MN, Offenacher S, Barak V. The secretion of FE2, IL-1
$\beta$ , IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ by adherent mononuclear cells from early onset periodontitis patients. J Periodontol 1994;65:139-146 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1994.65.2.139 - Hernichel-Gorbach E, Kornman KS, Holt SC et al. Host responses in patients with generalized refractory periodontitis. J Periodontol 1994;65:8-16 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1994.65.1.8
- Page RC. The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J Periodont Res 1991;26:230-242 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01649.x
- Liu D, Xu JK, Figliomeni L et al. Expression of RANKL and OPG mRNA in periodontal disease: Possible involvement in bone destruction. Int J Mol Med 2003;11:17-21
- Crotti T, Smith MD, Hirsch R et al. Receptor activator NF kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) protein expression in periodontitis. J Periodont Res 2003;38:380-387 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2003.00615.x
- Suda T, Takahashi N, Martin TJ. Modulation of osteoclast differentiation. Endocr Rev 1992;13:6-80
- Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL et al. Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell 1998;93:165-167 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81569-X
- Katagiri T, Takahashi N. Regulatory mechanism of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Oral Diseases 2000;8:147-159 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.01829.x
- Cochran DL. Inflammation and bone loss in periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2008;suppl:1569-1576
- Masato K, Masahide M, Motokawa et al. VEGF and M-CSF levels in periodotal tissue during tooth movement. Biomed Res 2008;29:181-187 https://doi.org/10.2220/biomedres.29.181
- Steel D, Whitehead AS. The major acute phase reactants: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid P component and serum amyloid A protein. Immunol Today 1994;15:81-88 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(94)90138-4
- Baumann H, Gauldie J. The acute phase response. Immunol Today 1994;15:74-80 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(94)90137-6
- Buhin K, Gustafsson A, Pockley AG, Frostegard J, Klinge B. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with periodontitis. Eur Heart J 2003;24:2099-2107 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehj.2003.09.016
- Vigushin DM, Pepsy MB, Hawkins PN. Metabolic and scintigraphic studies of radioiodinated human C-reactive protein in health and diseases. J Clin Invest 1993;91:1351-1357 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116336
- Yeh ETH, Willerson JT. Coming of Age of C-reactive protein using Inflammation markers in cardiology. Circulation 2003;107:370-371 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000053731.05365.5A
- Loos BG, Craandijk J, Hoek FJ, Wertheim-van Dillen P, van der Velden. Elevation of systemic markers related to cardiovascular diseases in the peripheral blood of periodontitis patients. J Periodontol 2000;71:1528-1534 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2000.71.10.1528
- Slade GD, Offenbacher S, Beck JD, Heiss G, Pankow JS. Acute phase inflammatory response to periodontal disease in the US population. J Dent Res 2000;79:49-57 https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345000790010701
- Scannapieco FA, Bush RB, Paju S. Associations between periodontal diseases and risk for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Ann Periodontol 2003;8:38-53 https://doi.org/10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.38
- Destefano F, Anda RF, Kahn HS, Williamson DF, Russell CR. Dental disease and risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. BMJ 1993;306:688-691 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.306.6879.688
- Albandar JM, Strekfus CF, Adesanya MR, Winn DM. Cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoking as risk factors for periodontal diseases and tooth loss. J Periodontol 2000;71:1874-1881 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2000.71.12.1874
- Susin C, Oppermann RV, Haugejorden O, Albandar JM. Periodontal attachment loss attributable to cigarette smoking in an urban Brazilian population. J Clin Periodontol 2004;31:951-958 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.2004.00588.x
- Emrich LJ, Shlossman M, Genco RJ. Periodontal disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol 1991;62:123 -131 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1991.62.2.123
- Bridges RB, Anderso JW, Saxe SR, Greogrory K, Bridge SR. Periodontal status of diabetic and non-diabetic men: effects of smoking, glycemic control, and socioeconomic factors. J Periodontol 1996;67:1185-1192 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1996.67.11.1185
- Muhlemann HR, Son SH. Gingival sulcus bleeding-a leading symptom in initial gingivitis. Helv Odontol Acta. 1971;15:107-113
-
Kim DH, Park JW, Lee JM et al. The comparison of MMP-2, MMP-9 and tumor necrosis factor-
$\alpha$ expressions in human gingiva with chronic periodontitis with or without associated to type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Korean Aca Periodonto 2006;36:409-426 -
Cho JY, Xing S, Liu X, Buckwalter TLF et al. Expression and activity of human
${Na}^+$ /$I^{-}$ symporter in human glioma cells by adenovirus-mediated gene delivary. Gene Therapy 2000;7:740-749 - Frederiksson MI, Figueredo CMS, Gustafsson A, Bergstrom KG, Asman BE. Effect of periodontitis and smoking on blood leukocytes and acute-phase proteins. J Periodontol 1999;70:1355-1360 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1999.70.11.1355
- Ebersole JL, Machen RL, Steffen MJ, Willmann DE. systemic acute phase reactants, C-reactive protein and haptoglobin in adult periodontitis. Clin Exp Immunol 1997;107:347-352 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.1997.270-ce1162.x
- Beck JD, Slade G, Offenbacher S. Oral disease, cardiovascular disease and systemic inflammation. J Periodontol 2000;23:110-120 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2000.2230111.x
- Noack B, Genco R.J, Trevisan M et al. Periodontal infections contribute to elevate systemic C-reactive protein level. J Periodontol 2001;72:1221-1227 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2000.72.9.1221
- Matilla K, Vesanen M, Valtonen V et al. Effect of treating periodontitis on C-reactive protein levels: A pilot study. BMC Infect Dis 2002;2:30-32 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-2-30
- Ide M, Mcpartin D, Coward PY et al. Effect of treatment of chronic periodontitis on levels of serum markers of acute-phase inflammatory and vascular responses. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30:334-340 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.00282.x
- Tussanee Y, Kanokporn L, Prasit P. Human periodontal ligament cells secret macrophage colony-stimulating factor in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vitro. J periodontol 2006;77:955-962 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2006.050338
- Roberts FA, McCaffery KA, Michalek SM. Profile of cytokine mRNA expression in chronic adult periodontitis. J Dent Res 1997;76:1833-1839 https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345970760120501
- Sudha A, Charu SC, Nicholas PP et al. Regulation of periodontal ligament cell functions by interleukin-1 beta. Infect Immun 1998;66:932-937
- Castelli WA, Diaz-Perez R, Nasjleti CE, Caffesse RG. Effect of renovascular hypertension of the morphology of oral blood vessels. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978;46:576-582 https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(78)90388-2
- Perlstein MI, Bissada NF. Influence of obesity and hypertension on the severity of periodontitis in rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1977;4:707-719
- Angeli F, Verdecchia P, Pelligrino C et al. Association between periodontal diseases and left ventricle mass in essential hypertension. Hypertension 2003;41:488-492 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000056525.17476.D7
- Ridker PM, Buring JE, Cook NR, Rifai N. C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular events: an 8-year follow up of 1419 initially healthy American women. Circulation 2003;107:391-397 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000055014.62083.05
- Lakoski SG, Cushman M, Palmas W et al. The relationship between blood pressure and C-reactive protein in the Multi-Ethnic study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:1869-1874 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.07.050