Encapsulation of Flavors by Molecular Inclusion Using $\beta$-Cyclodextrin: Comparison with Spray-drying Process Using Carbohydrate-based Wall Materials

  • Published : 2009.02.28

Abstract

Microencapsulation of flavor was carried out by molecular inclusion process using $\beta$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}CD$). ${\beta}CD$-flavor complex was prepared at various flavor-to-${\beta}CD$ ratios (1:6-1:12) to determine the effect of ${\beta}CD$ concentration on the inclusion efficiency. Maximum total oil retention and minimal surface oil content were obtained at flavors to ${\beta}CD$ ratio of 1:10. The physical properties and controlled release pattern of flavors from ${\beta}CD$-flavor complex were measured and compared with spray-dried microcapsules prepared using carbohydrate wall system. ${\beta}CD$-flavor complex showed higher total oil retention and surface oil contents, smaller mean particle size, lower moisture uptake, and higher oxidation stability than spray-dried microcapsule. Oxidative stability of flavor was correlated with hygroscopicity of wall materials. The controlled release mechanism was highly affected by temperature and characteristics of wall materials.

Keywords

References

  1. Zeller BL, Saleeb FZ. Ludescher RD. Trends in development of porous carbohydrate food ingredients for use in flavor encapsulation. Trends Food Sci. Tech. 9: 389-394 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(99)00007-2
  2. Reineccius TA, Reineccius GA, Peppard TL. Encapsulation of flavors using cyclodextrins: Comparison of flavor retention in alpha, beta, and gamma types. J. Food Sci. 67: 3271-3279 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09577.x
  3. Pagington JS. Beta-cyclodextrin. Perfumer Flavorist 11: 49-58 (1986)
  4. Karathanos VT, Mourtzinos I, Yannakopoulou K, Andrikopoulos NK. Study of the solubility, antioxidant activity, and structure of inclusion complex of vanillin with $\beta$-cycIodextrin. Food Chem. 101:652-658 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.01.053
  5. Song SH, Lee HJ, Chang SJ, Woo GJ. Microencapsulation of garlic oil with $\beta$-cycIodextrin. Food Sci Biotechnol 2: 132-135 (1993)
  6. Lucas-Abelian C, Fortea I, Lopez-Nicolas M, Nunez-Delicado E. Cyclodextrins as resveratrol carrier system. Food Chem. 104: 39-44 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.068
  7. Li N, Liu J, Zhao X, Gao Y, Zheng L, Zhang J, Yu L. Complex formation of ionic liquid surfactant and $\beta$-cyclodextrin. Colloid. Surface A 292: 196-201 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.06.023
  8. Padukka I, Bhandari B, D'Arcy B. Evaluation of various extraction methods of encapsulated oil from $\beta$-cycIodextrin-lemon oil complex powder. J Food Compos. Anal. 13: 59-70 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1999.0820
  9. Szente L, Szejtli J. CycIodextrins as food ingredients. Trends Food Sci. Tech. 15: 137-142 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2003.09.019
  10. Anandaraman S, Reineccius GA. Stability of encapsulated orange peel oil. Food Technol.-Chicago 40: 88-93 (1986)
  11. Szente L, Szejtli J. Molecular encapsulation of natural and synthetic coffee flavor with $\beta$-cycIodextrin. J. Food Sci. 51: 1024-1027 (1986) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1986.tb11224.x
  12. Szente L, Szejtli J. Stabilization of flavors by cyclodextrins. pp.148-157. In: Flavor Encapsulation. Risch SJ, Reineccius GA (eds). ACS Symposium Series 370, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA (1988)
  13. Westing LL, Reineccius GA, Caporaso F. Shelf life of orange oil:Effects of encapsulation by spray-drying, extrusion, and molecular inclusion. pp. 110-121. In: Flavor Encapsulation. Risch SJ. Rcineccius GA (eds). ACS Symposium Series 370, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA (1988) https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1988-0370.ch012
  14. Bhandari BR, D'Arcy BR, Bich LLT. Lemon oil to $\beta$-cycIodextrin ratio effect on the inclusion efficiency of $\beta$-cyclodextrin and the retention of oil volatiles in the complex. J. Agr. Food Chem. 46:1494-1499 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970605n
  15. Bhandari BR, D'Arcy BR, Padukka I. Encapsulation of lemon oil by paste method using $\beta$-cyclodextrin: Encapsulation efficiency and profile of oil volatiles. J. Agr. Food Chem. 47: 5194-5197 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9902503
  16. Li X, Jin Q, Wang J. Complexation of allyl isothiocyanate by $\alpha$-and $\beta$-cycIodextrin and its controlled release characteristics. Food Chem. 103: 461-466 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.08.017
  17. Cho YH, Shin DS, Park J. A study on wall materials for flavor encapsulation. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 31: 1563-1569 (1999)
  18. Reineccius GA, Ward FM, Whorton C, Andon SA. Developments in gum acacias for the encapsulation of flavors. pp. 161-168. In:Flavor Encapsulation. Risch SJ, Reineecius GA (eds). ACS Symposium Series 590, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA (1995) https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0590.ch014
  19. AOAC. Official Method of Analysis of AOAC IntI. 16th ed. Method 32.1.03. Association of Official Analytical Communities, Arlington, VA, USA (1995)
  20. Ito K, Kikuchi K, Okazaki N, Kobayashi S. Retention of aroma components in liquors with cyclodextrins. Agr. BioI. Chem. Tokyo 52: 2763-2769 (1988) https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.52.2763
  21. Yoshii H, Soottitantawat A, Liu XD, Atarashi T; Furuta T, Aishima S, Ohgawara M, Linko P. Flavor release from spray-dried maltodextrin/gum arabic or soy matrices as a function of storage relative humidity. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. 2: 55-61 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S1466-8564(01)00019-4
  22. Whorton C, Reineccius GA. Evaluation of the mechanisms associated with the release of encapsulated flavor materials from maltodextrin matrices. pp. 143-160. In: Flavor Encapsulation. Risch SJ, Reineccius GA (eds). ACS Symposium Series 590, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA (1995) https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0590.ch013
  23. Hedges AR, Shieh WJ, Sikorski CT. Use of cycIodextrins for encapsulation in the use and treatment of food products. pp. 60-71. In: Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Food Ingredients. Risch SJ, Reineccius GA (eds). ACS Symposium Series 590, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA (1995) https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0590.ch006
  24. Reineccius GA. Controlled release techniques in the food industry. pp. 8-25. In: Flavor Encapsulation. Risch SJ, Reineccius GA (eds). ACS Symposium Series 590, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA (1995) https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0590.ch002