Determinants of Pastors' Economic Preparations for Old Age

목회자의 경제적 노후 준비 결정요인

This study is intended to figure out determinants affecting the economic preparations for old age of pastors from major four protestant associations having a church ministerial pension system: the General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea (GAPCK), the Presbyterian Church of Korea (PCK), the Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea (PROK), and the Korean Methodist Church (KMC). Thereby, it conducted a survey to 452 pastors from the four religious associations in Korea. The followings sum up the results of this research. First, it was shown that the conventional idea that there is no need for pastors to prepare for their old age or their preparations for old age imply disbelief had been diminished. Second, there were few pastors who had made economic preparations for their old age privately. Third, associations adopting a compulsory church ministerial pension system were PCK, PROK, and KMC indicating a high occupation of more than 75% whereas GAPCK with an optional system showed a very low percentage of 11.5%. Fourth, with regard to the national pension system, the associations except for PROK (61.8%) had more non-enrolled pastors (53.3%), and they responded economic difficulty as the biggest reason for the unenrollment. Fourth, determinants affecting their economic preparations for old age were academic career, total income, church independency, church reserving, and national pension enrollment. Fifth, among the pastors from the four associations, the ones of PROK prepared for their old age best in consideration of GAPCK. According to the results of this paper, the most critical determinant affecting pastors' economic preparations for old age was total income. Pastors with higher income can make church ministerial pension, national pension, and private preparations while the ones with lower income cannot afford for public as well as private preparations; that is, there exists a polarization phenomenon in pastors' economic preparations for old age. Therefore, it is necessary to make devices to narrow the income gap between pastors in religious associations. Second, even in the associations having a compulsory church ministerial pension system, many pastors were not insured, so it is needed to reform or improve the pension system. Third, it is also required to better the national pension system and change the recognition on it.

본 연구는 교단은급제도를 둔 개신교 주요교단(예장합동, 예장통합, 기장, 기감의 4개 교단) 목회자의 경제적 노후 준비 결정요인을 파악하고자 전국의 4개 교단 목회자 452명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 목회자들이 노후준비를 할 필요가 없고 노후준비를 하는 것은 불신앙이라는 전통적인 생각은 약화된 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 목회자들의 사적 경제적 노후 준비활동 수준은 낮은 수준이었다. 셋째, 교단은급제도는 의무가입방식을 채택하고 있는 교단(예장통합, 기장, 기감)은 75%이상으로 높게 나타났지만, 임의가입방식을 채택한 예장합동측은 11.5%로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 넷째, 국민연금은 기장측(61.8%)을 제외한 나머지 교단은 미가입자(53.3%)가 더 많았고, 미가입 사유도 경제적 어려움이 가장 컸다. 넷째, 경제적 노후 준비에 영향을 미치는 요인은 학력과 총수입, 교회자립 여부, 교회자체적립 여부, 그리고 국민연금 가입여부이고, 그 중 총수입이 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 다섯째, 4개 교단 중 예장합동측을 기준으로 기장측 목회자가 노후 준비를 잘하고 있었다. 연구결과 첫째, 수입이 많으면 교단은급제도와 국민연금 및 사적 방식의 대책까지 모두 준비하지만, 수입이 적은 목회자들은 사적준비와 공적 준비 모두 못하고 있으므로 교단내 목회자간 소득격차를 줄이기 위한 장치가 필요하다. 둘째, 교단 은급제도 의무가입을 실시하는 교단에서도 미가입자가 상당하므로 은급(연금)제도에 대한 개선과 변화가 필요하다. 셋째, 국민연금제도에 대한 제도적 변화와 인식의 변화가 필요하다.