Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회)
권호 표지

Survey of Beauvericin Contamination in Korean Grains by HPLC and the Production of Beauvericin and Enniatin Derivatives by Fusarium oxysporum KFCC 11363P

한국산 곡류의 Becuvericin의 오염도 조사 및 Becuvericin과 Enniatin 유도체 생성조건

  • Song, Hyuk_hwan (Department of Food Science and Technology, BET Research Institu Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Lee, Hee-Seok (Department of Food Science and Technology, BET Research Institu Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Lee, Chan (Department of Food Science and Technology, BET Research Institu Chung-Ang University)
  • 송혁환 (중앙대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 이희석 (중앙대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 이찬 (중앙대학교 식품공학과)
  • Published : 2008.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The productions of beauvericin and enniatins H, I, and MK1688 by Fusarium oxysporum KFCC 11363P were investigated on rice substrate at four temperatures (15, 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$) and three moisture contents (10, 20, and 40%). The largest amount of beauvericin ($718.0\;{\mu}g/g$) was produced at $25^{\circ}C$, and maximum levels of enniatin H ($781.9\;{\mu}g/g$), I ($725.8\;{\mu}g/g$), and MK1688 ($425.8\;{\mu}g/g$) were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) at the same temperature. The optimal moisture content for the production of beauvericin and enniatins H, I, and MK1688 was 40%, and the trace amounts of these toxins were observed at 10% moisture content. Sixty five grain samples (n=65) were tested for the monitoring of beauvericin. This mycotoxin was detected in six grain samples including three maize, two barley, and one wheat samples. The highest contamination level of beauvericin was observed in maize sample ($0.23\;{\mu}g/g$).

Beauvericin과 enniatin H, I, 그리고 MK1688의 생산에 미치는 온도와 수분함량의 효과를 조사하였다. 쌀을 기질로 할 경우 $25^{\circ}C$, 40% 수분함량에서 조사된 모든 독소들이 최대로 생산되었으며, $15^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 접종 2주 후 $50\;{\mu}g/g$이하의 생성량을 나타내었다. 수분함량 10%에서도 접종 후 6주차에 모든 독소들의 검출이 확인되었으며, 이는 이 독소들이 0.75정도의 낮은 수분활성도에서도 생성될 수 있음을 나타낸다. 한편, 국내에서 생산된 곡류들(65종)에 대하여 Fusarium 독소인 beauvericin의 오염을 분석하였다. 국내에서 수확된 65종의 곡류시료 중 6종의 시료에서 beauvericin오염이 확인되었다. 쌀과 현미에서는 beauvericin이 검출되지 않았으며, 2004년산 옥수수 3종, 2004년과 2005산 보리 시료 각 1종, 그리고 2005년 재배된 밀 1종에서 beauvericin이 검출되었다. 가장 높은 오염도를 보인 것은 옥수수 시료이며, 이 시료에서 $0.23\;{\mu}g/g$의 beauvericin이 검출되었다. 국내에서는 beauvericin에 대한 곡류 오염 조사가 이 연구에서 처음으로 이루어졌으며, 국내산 곡류에서도 beauvercin이 검출됨에 따라 지속적으로 오염도를 조사할 필요가 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Kamimura, H.: Problems with mycotoxin in food sanitation, Hyogo International Center Japan International Coopertaion Agency, pp. 10 (1993)
  2. Hamill, R.L., Higgens, C.E., Boaz, H.E. and Gorman, M.: The structure of beauvericin, a new depsipeptide antibiotic toxic to Artemia salina. Tetrahedron Lett., 49, 4255-4258 (1969)
  3. Gupta, S., Krasnoff, S.B., Underwood, N.L., Renwick, J.A.A. and Roberts, D.W.: Isolation of beauvericin as an insect toxin from Fusarium semitectum and Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans. Mycopathologia, 115, 185-189 (1991) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00462223
  4. Ojcius, D.M., Zychlinsky, A., Zheng, L.M. and Young, J.D.: Ionophore-induced apoptosis: role of DNA fragmentation and calcium fluxes. Exp Cell Res., 197, 43-49 (1991) https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(91)90477-C
  5. Lemmens-Gruber, R., Rachoy, B., Steininger, E., Kouri, K., Saleh, P., Krska, R., Josephs, R. and Lemmens, M.: The effect of the Fusarium metabolite beauvericin on electromechanical and physiological properties in isolated smooth and heart muscle preparations of guinea pigs. Mycopathologia, 149, 5-12 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007293812007
  6. Kamyar, M., Rawnduzi, P., Studenik, C.R., Kouri, K. and Lemmens-Gruber, R.: Investigation of the electrophysiological properties of enniatins. Arch Biochem Biophys., 429, 215-223 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2004.06.013
  7. Gaumann, E., Naef-Roth, S. and Kern, H.: Zur phytotoxischen wirksamkeit der enniatine. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift, 40, 45-51 (1960) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1960.tb01916.x
  8. Tomoda, H., Nishida, H., Huang, X.H., Masuma, R., Kim, Y.K. and Omura, S.: New cyclodepsipeptides, enniatins D, E and F produced by Fusarium sp. FO-1305. J. Antibiot., 45, 1207-1215 (1992) https://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.45.1207
  9. Mikawa, T., Chiba, N., Ogishi, H.S., Gomi, S., Miyaji, S. and Sezaki, M.: Japanese Patent JP 02229177-A2. (1991)
  10. Lin, Y., Wang, J., Zhou, X.W.S., Vrijmoed, L.L.P. and Jones, E.B.G.: A Novel Compound Enniatin G from the Mangrove Fungus Halosarpheia sp.(strain 732) from the South China Sea. Aust. J. Chem., 55, 225-227 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1071/CH01164
  11. Nilanonta, C., Isaka, M., Chanphen, R., Thong-orn, N., Tanticharoen, M. and Thebtaranonth, Y.: Unusual enniatins produced by the insect pathogenic fungus Verticillium hemipterigenum: isolation and studies on precursor-directed biosynthesis. Tetrahedron, 59, 1015-1020 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(02)01631-9
  12. Ganassi, S., Moretti, A., Maria Bonvicini Pagliai, A., Logrieco, A. and Agnese Sabatini, M.: Effects of beauvericin on Schizaphis graminum (Aphididae). J. Invert. Patho., 80, 90-96 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2011(02)00125-8
  13. Calo', L., Fornelli, F., Nenna, S., Tursi, A., Caiaffa, M.F. and Macchia, L.: Beauvericin cytotoxicity to the invertebrate cell line SF-9. J. Appl. Genet., 44, 515-520 (2003)
  14. Calo', L., Fornelli, F., Ramires, R., Nenna, S., Tursi, A., Caiaffa, M.F. and Macchia, L.: Cytotoxic effects of the mycotoxin beauvericin to human cell lines of myeloid origin. Pharm. Res., 49, 73-77 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2003.07.002
  15. Bhat, R.V., Beedu, S.R., Ramakrishna, Y. and Munshi, K.L.: Outbreak of trichothecene mycotoxicosis associated with consumption of mould-damaged wheat production in Kashmir Valley, India. Lancet, 1, 35-37 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)95341-9
  16. Hussein, H.M., Franich, R.A., Baxter, M. and Andrew, I.G.: Naturally occurring Fusarium toxins in New Zealand maize. Food Addit. Contam., 6, 49-57 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1080/02652038909373738
  17. Logrieco, A., Moretti, A., Altomare, C., Bottalico, A. and Torres, E.C.: Occurrence and toxicity of Fusarium subglutinans from Peruvian maize. Mycopathologia, 122, 185-190 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01103480
  18. Moretti, A., Logrieco, A., Bottalico, A., Ritieni, A., Randazzo, G. and Corda, P.: Beauvericin production by Fusarium subglutinans from different geographical areas. Mycol.Res., 99, 282-286 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80899-X
  19. Shephard, G.S., Sewram, V., Nieuwoudt, T.W., Marasas, W.F.O. and Ritieni, A.: Production of the mycotoxins fusaproliferin and beauvericin by South African isolates in the Fusarium section Liseola. J. Agric. Food Chem., 47, 5111- 5115 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9903713
  20. Pascale, M., Visconti, A., Pronczuk, M., Wisniewska, H. and Chelkowski, J.: Accumulation of fumonisins, beauvericin and fusaproliferin in maize hybrids inoculated under field conditions with Fusarium proliferatum. Mycol. Res. 106, 1026-1030 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756202006366
  21. Logrieco, A., Moretti, A., Castella, G., Kostecki, M., Golinski, P., Ritieni, A. and Chelkowski, J.: Beauvericin Production by Fusarium Species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64, 3084-3088 (1998)
  22. Morrison, E., Kosiak, B., Ritieni, A., Aastveit, A.H., Uhlig, S. and Bernhoft, A.: Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium avenaceum Strains Isolated from Norwegian Grain and the Cytotoxicity of Rice Culture Extracts to Porcine Kidney Epithelial Cells. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 3070-3075 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011532h
  23. Bottalico, A.: Fusarium diseases of cereals: Species complex and related mycotoxin profiles, in Europe. J. Plant Pathol., 80, 85-103 (1998)
  24. Jurjevic, Z., Solfrizzo, M., Cvjetkovic, B., De Girolamo, A. and Visconti, A.: Occurrence of Beauvericin in Corn from Croatia. Food Technol. Biotechnol., 40, 91-94 (2002)
  25. Jestoi, M., Rokka, M., Yli-Mattila, T., Parikka, P., Rizzo, A. and Peltonen, K.: Presence and concentrations of the Fusarium- related mycotoxins beauvericin, enniatins and moniliformin in Finnish grain samples. Food Addit. Contam., 21, 794-802 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030410001713906
  26. Uhlig, S. and Ivanova, L.: Determination of beauvericin and four other enniatins in grain by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 1050, 173-178 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(04)01360-3
  27. Logrieco, A., Rizzo, A., Ferracane, R. and Ritieni, A.: Occurrence of beauvericin and enniatins in wheat affected by Fusarium avenaceum head blight. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68: 82-85. (2002) https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.1.82-85.2002
  28. Kang, S.J. and Chung, D.H.: Establishment of indirect competitive ELISA for the detection of zearalenone produced by Fusarium sp. J. Fd Hyg. Safety, 13, 419-426 (1998)
  29. Chung, S.H., Lee, T.S. and Kim, Y.B.: Effect of water activity on the growth of Fusarium moniliforme NRRL 13569 and on the fumonisin B1 production on rough rice. Korean J.Food Sci. Technol., 27, 119-123 (1998)
  30. Song H.H., Ahn, J.H., Lim, Y.H. and Lee, C.: Analysis of beauvercin and unusual enniatins co-produced by Fusarium oxysporum FB1501 (KFCC 11363P). J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 16, 1111-1119 (2006)
  31. Kriek, N.P., Marasas, W.F., Steyn, P.S., van Rensburg, S.J. and Steyn, M.: Toxicity of a moniliformin-producing strain of Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans isolated from maize. Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 15, 579-587 (1977) https://doi.org/10.1016/0015-6264(77)90073-6
  32. Castella, G., Munkvold, G.P., Imerman, P. and Hyde, W.G.: Effects of temperature, incubation period and substrate on production of fusaproliferin by Fusarium subglutinans ITEM 2404. Nat. Toxins, 7, 129-132 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-7189(199907/08)7:4<129::AID-NT53>3.0.CO;2-U
  33. Kostecki, M., Wisniewska, H., Perrone, G., Ritieni, A., Golinski, P., Chelkowski, J. and Logrieco. A.: The effects of cereal substrate and temperature on production of beauvericin, moniliformin and fusaproliferin by Fusarium subglutinans ITEM-1434. Food Addit. Contam., 16, 361-365 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1080/026520399283849
  34. Song, H.H.: Structural elucidations of beauvericin and unusual enniatins produced by Fusarium spp. in Korea and their occurrences. Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea, p.75-79 (2006)
  35. Oh, K.S., Suh, J.H., Park, S.S., Sho, Y.S., Choi, W.J., An, Y.S., Lee, J.O. and Woo, G.J.: Advances in the analysis of total aflatoxins in foods. J. Fd Hyg. Safety, 21, 76-81 (2006)
  36. Abramson, D., Hulasare, R., White, N.D.G., Jayas, D.S. and Marquardt, R.R.: Mycotoxin formation in hulless barley during granary storage at 15 and 19% moisture content. J. Stored Prod. Res., 35, 297-305 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(99)00013-2