Mycobiology

The Korean Society of Mycology (한국균학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Control of Erysiphe pisi Causing Powdery Mildew of Pea (Pisum sativum) by Cashewnut (Anacardium occidentale) Shell Extract

  • Bahadur, Amar (Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University) ;
  • Singh, U.P. (Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University) ;
  • Singh, D.P. (Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University) ;
  • Sarma, B.K. (Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University) ;
  • Singh, K.P. (College of Forestry & Hill Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Hill Campus) ;
  • Singh, Amitabh (College of Forestry & Hill Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Hill Campus) ;
  • Aust, H.J. (Institut fur Mikribiologie der Technischen Universitat Braunschweig)
  • Published : 2008.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The effect of methanolic extract of cashewnut (Anacardium occidentale) shell extract was seen on conidial germination of Erysiphe pisi and powdery mildew development in pea (Pisum sativum). Maximum conidial germination inhibition of E. pisi on glass slides was observed at 300 ppm. Similar effect on floated pea leaves was observed after 48 h at the same concentration. Conidial germination on intact untreated pea leaves was also assessed on II and IV nodal leaves while IV and II nodal leaves were treated with the extract and vice versa. There was tremendous reduction in conidial germination on all the nodal leaves. The disease intensity of pea powdery mildew was significantly reduced by methanolic extract of cashewnut shells. Maximum reduction was observed with 200 ppm where 39% disease intensity was recorded in comparison to 96.53% in the control. The phenolic acid content of pea leaves following treatments with this extract varied and no defmite pattern was observed. Out of several phenolic compounds, namely, gallic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids, only gallic acid was found to be present consistently in all the treatments with varied amounts.

Keywords

References

  1. Biswas, A. K. and Ray, A. B. 1958. Surface- active characteristics of sodium anacardate isolated from cashew nut shell oil. Nature 182:1299
  2. Carver, T. L. W. and Adaigbe, M. E. 1990. Effect of oat genotype leaf age and position and incubation humidity on germination and germling development by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. avenae. Mycol. Res. 94:18-26 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81259-8
  3. Daaye, F., Ongena, M., Boulanger, R., El-Hadrami, I. and Belanger, R. R. 2000. Induction of phenolic compounds in two cultivars of cucumber by treatment of healthy and powdery mildew-infected plants with extract of Reynautria sachalinensis. J. Chem. Ecol. 26:1579-1593 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005578510954
  4. Lyon, G. D., Reglinski, T. and Newton, A. N. 1995. Novel disease control compounds: the potential to immunize plants against infection. Plant Pathol. 44:407-427 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb01664.x
  5. Millar, R. L. and Higgins, H. J. 1970. Association of cyanide with infection birdsfoot trefoil by Stemphylium loti. Phytopathology 60:104-110 https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-60-104
  6. Nicholson, R. L. and Hammerchmidts, R. 1992. Phenolic compounds and their role in disease resistance. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 30:369-389 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.30.090192.002101
  7. Prithiviraj, B., Manickam, M., Singh, U. P. and Ray, A. B. 1997. Antifungal activity of anacardic acid, a naturally occurring derivative of salicylic acid. Can. J. Bot. 75:207-211 https://doi.org/10.1139/b97-021
  8. Prithiviraj, B., Singh, U. P., Singh, K. P. and Plank-Schumacher, K. 1998. Field evaluation of ajoene a constituent of garlic (Allium sativum) and neemazal, a product of neem (Azadirachta indica) for the control of powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) of pea (Pisum sativum). J. Plant Dis. Prot. 105: 274-278
  9. Sahni, S., Maurya, S., Srivastava, J. S. and Singh, U. P. 2002. Methanolic extract of cashewnut shells as inhibitor of fungal spore germination. Indian. J. Plant Pathol. 22:34-37
  10. Singh, U. P., Prithiviraj, B., Wagner, K. G. and Plank Schumacher, K. 1995. Effect of ajoene, a constituent of garlic (Allium sativum), on Powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) of pea (Pisum sativum). Z. Pflanzenkrh. 102:399-406
  11. Singh, U. P., Pandey, V. N., Wagner, K. G. and Singh, K. P. 1990. Antifungal activity of ajoene, a constituent of garlic (Allium sativum). Can. J. Bot. 68:1254-1356 https://doi.org/10.1139/b90-159
  12. Singh, U. P., Singh, H. B. and Singh, R. B. 1980. The fungicidal effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) on some soil borne pathogens of gram (Cicer arietinum). Mycologia 72:1077-1093 https://doi.org/10.2307/3759561
  13. Singh, U. P. and Prithiviraj, B. 1997. Neemazal, a product of neem (Azadirachta indica) induce resistance in pea (Pisum sativum) against Erysiphe pisi. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 51: 181-194 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.1997.0112
  14. Singh, U. P. 2000. Pea-Powdery mildew an ideal pathosystem. Ind. Phytopathol. 53:1-9
  15. Singh, U. P., Sarma, B. K., Singh, D. P. and Bahadur, A. 2002. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-mediated induction of phenolics in pea (Pisum sativum) after infection with Erysiphe pisi. Curr. Microbiol. 44:396-400 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-001-0007-7
  16. Spencer, G. F., Tjarks, L. W. and Kleiman, R. 1980. Alkyl and phenylalkyl anacardic acids from Knema elegans seed oil. J. Nat. Prod. 43:723
  17. Stoessl, A. 1983. Secondary plant metabolites in pre-inflectional and post-inflectional resistance. In: The Dynamics of the Host Defence, pp. 71-122. Eds. J. A. Bailey and B. J. Daverall. Academic Press, New York
  18. Suheyla, K., Huseyin, A., Fusun, U. and Kemal, K. 1996. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of three new triterpenoid glycosides. Phytother. Res. 10:274-276 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199605)10:3<274::AID-PTR822>3.0.CO;2-V