Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

The Korean Society of Wood Science & Technology (한국목재공학회)
권호 표지

Anatomical and Physical Characteristics of Pinus densiflora Wood Damaged by Forest Fire - Difference by Damage Level -

산불 피해 소나무 목재의 해부 및 물리적 특성 - 피해 정도에 따른 차이-

  • Kwon, Sung-Min (College of Forest & Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Chun, Kun-Woo (College of Forest & Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Nam-Hun (College of Forest & Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University)
  • 권성민 (강원대학교 산림환경과학대학) ;
  • 전근우 (강원대학교 산림환경과학대학) ;
  • 김남훈 (강원대학교 산림환경과학대학)
  • Received : 2008.04.14
  • Accepted : 2008.05.07
  • Published : 2008.07.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Anatomical and physical characteristics of Pinus densiflora woods damaged by forest fire at Yangyang-gun, Kangwon-do were investigated in present study. Even though the bark was severly carbonized, no trace of carbonization in the xylem was found. The amount of resin exudation was different by the degree of fire damage. Green moisture content of sapwood in the damaged wood was lower than that in the sound wood, but vice versa in the heartwood. Green density of heartwood in the damaged wood was higher than that in the sound wood, but there was no significant difference in sapwood. Cambial activities were found stopped in the severely damaged wood but were identified in the lightly damaged wood. In safranine staining process, epithelial and ray parenchyma cell walls in the damaged woods showed darker hue than those in the sound wood. Granular substances were observed in the lumina of ray parenchyma and epithelial cells of the severely damaged wood. Relative crystallinity of the outermost growth ring in the severely damaged wood was slightly higher than that in the sound wood.

강원도 양양 지역 산불 피해 소나무 목재의 피해 정도에 따른 해부 및 물리적 특성을 조사하였다. 피해 정도에 따라 수피의 탄화 깊이가 깊어지는 경향이 관찰되었으나 목질부까지 탄화가 진행되지는 않았으며 수지의 삼출정도에 차이를 보였다. 산불 피해목 변재의 생재함수율은 건전재보다 다소 낮게 나타났으나 심재의 경우에는 건전재보다 피해목이 다소 높게 나타났다. 생재밀도는 피해재 심재가 건전재 심재보다 다소 높게 나타났으며, 변재에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 형성층대를 관찰한 결과, 산불 피해를 강하게 입은 경우 형성층의 활동이 일어나지 않았고, 비교적 피해를 약하게 입은 경우에는 형성층의 활동이 관찰되었으나 세포분열 속도는 건전재보다 느렸다. 산불 피해를 강하게 입은 목재에서는 에피델리움세포와 방사조직의 세포벽이 짙게 염색되고 세포내에 과립형태의 물질이 관찰되었으며, 최외각 연륜 부위의 결정화도는 산불 피해재가 건전재보다 다소 높게 나타났다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 산림청

References

  1. Bhuiyan, M. T. R., N. Hirai, and N. Sobue. 2000. Changes of crystallinity in wood cellulose by heat treatment under dried and moist conditions. Journal of Wood Science 46(6): 431-4361. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00765800
  2. Bhuiyan, M. T. R., N. Hirai, and N. Sobue. 2001. Effect of intermittent heat treatment on crystallinity in wood cellulose. Journal of Wood Science 47(5): 336-341. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00766782
  3. Bhuiyan, M. T. R. and N. Hirai. 2005. Study of crystalline behavior of heat-treated wood cellulose during treatments in water. Journal of Wood Science 51(1): 42-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-003-0615-x
  4. Carcaillet, C, P. J. H. Richard, H. Asnong, L. Capece, and Y. Bergeron. 2006. Fire and soil erosion history in East Canadian boreal and temperate forests. Quaternary Science Reviews 25(13): 1489-1500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.01.004
  5. Hernandez, L., S. H. Encinas, A. M. White, del Rey, and G. R. Sanchez. 2007. Modelling forest fire spread using hexagonal cellular automata. Applied Mathematical Modelling 31(6): 1213-1227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2006.04.001
  6. Jaatinen, K., C. Knief, P. F. Dunfield, K. Yrjala, and H. Fritze. 2004. Methanotrophic bacteria in boreal forest soil after fire. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 50(3): 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.06.013
  7. Kiran Chand, T. R., K. V. S. Badarinath, V. Krishna Prasad, M. S. R. Murthy, C. D. Elvidge, and B. T. Tuttle. 2006. Monitoring forest fires over the Indian region using Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Linescan System nighttime satellite data. Remote Sensing of Environment 103(2): 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.03.010
  8. Lavrov, A., A. B. Utkin, R. Vilar, and A. Fernandes. 2006. Evaluation of smoke dispersion from forest fire plumes using lidar experiments and modelling. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 45(9): 848-859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2006.01.003
  9. Lee, K. H., J. E. Kim, Y. J. Kim, J. H. Kim, and W. von Hoyningen-Huene. 2003. Impact of the smoke aerosol from Russian forest fires on the atmospheric environment over Korea during May 2003. Atmospheric Environment 39(1): 85-99.
  10. Segal, L., J. J. Creely, A. E. Martin, Jr., and C. M. Conrad. 1959. An empirical methods for estimating the degree of crystallinity of native cellulose using the X-ray diffractometer. Text. Trs. J. 786-794.
  11. Statheropoulos, M. and S. Karma. 2007. Complexity and origin of the smoke components as measured near the flame-front of a real forest fire incident: A case study. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 78(2): 430-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2006.10.011
  12. van Mantgemm, P. and M. Schwartz. 2003. Bark heat resistance of small trees in Californian mixed conifer forests: testing some model assumptions. Forest Ecology and Management 178(3): 341-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00554-6
  13. Yildiz, S. and E. Gumuskaya. 2007. The effects of thermal modification on crystalline structure of cellulose in soft and hardwood. Building and Environment 42(1): 62-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.009
  14. 권성민, 김남훈. 2005. 춘천지역에서 생장하는 주요 수종의 연륜형성 -형성층 활동기간에 관하여-. 목재공학 33(4): 1-8.
  15. 박정환, 박병수, 심국보, 조태수. 2005. 산불 피해목의 재질 변화에 관한 연구(I) -동해안 산불피해 소나무의 재질 특성-. 목재공학 33(6): 8-16.
  16. 박정환, 박병수, 김광모, 이도식. 2008. 산불 피해목의 재질 변화에 관한 연구(II) - 산불피해 소나무의 경시적 재질변화 -. 목재공학 36(1): 30-35.
  17. 산림청. 2007. 임업통계연보. 제37호. pp. 82.
  18. 이시영. 2000. 한국산불의 특성. 삼림과학연구 제16호: 156-163.
  19. 한국산업규격. 2006. 한국표준협회. KS F 2199.
  20. 한국산업규격. 2006. 한국표준협회. KS F 2189.
  21. 황원중, 권구중, 김남훈. 2003a. 산불피해 소나무재의 해부 및 물리학적 특성. 목재공학 31(4): 1-7.
  22. 황원중, 권구중, 박종수, 김남훈. 2003b. 산불피해 소나무재의 역학적 특성 및 급속오븐 건조특성. 목재공학 31(4): 52-57.