References
- Baumrind S. A reconsideration of the propriety of the "pressure-tension" hypothesis. Am J Orthod 1969;55:12-22 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9416(69)90170-5
- Mostafa YA, Weaks-Dybvig M, Osdoby P. Orchestration of tooth movement. Am J Orthod 1983;83:245-50 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(83)90088-X
- Fukada E, Yasuda I. On the piezoelectricity effect of bone. J Physiol Soc Japan 1957;12:1158-62 https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.12.1158
- Bassett CA, Becker RO. Generation of electrical potentials by bone in response to mechanical stress. Science 1962;137: 1063-4 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.137.3535.1063
- Bassett CA. Electrical effects in bone. Sci Am 1965;213:18-25
- Brighton CT, Friedenberg ZB. Electrical stimulation and oxygen tension. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1974;238:314-20 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb26800.x
- Lavine LS, Shamos MH, Moss ML. The influence of electric current on bone regeneration in vivo. Acta Orthop Scand 1971;42:305-14 https://doi.org/10.3109/17453677108989050
- Jorgensen TE. The effect of electric current on the healing time of crural fractures. Acta Orthop Scand 1972;43:421-37 https://doi.org/10.3109/17453677208998962
- Masureik C, Ericksson C. Preliminary clinical evaluation of the effect of small electrical currents on the healing of jaw fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1977;124:84-91
- Brighton CT, Friedenberg ZB, Mitchell EI, Booth RE. Treatment of nonunion with constant direct current. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1977;124:106-23
- Cochran GV, Pawluk RJ, Bassett CA. Stress generated electric potentials in the mandible and teeth. Arch Oral Biol 1967;12:917-20 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(67)90117-3
- Zengo AN, Pawluk RJ, Bassett CA. Stress-induced bioelectric potentials in the dentoalveolar complex. Am J Orthod 1973;64:17-27 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(73)90277-7
- Zengo AN, Bassett CA, Pawluk RJ, Prountzos G. In vivo bioelectric potentials in the dentoalveolar complex. Am J Orthod 1974;66:130-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(74)90232-2
- Kubota K, Yoshimura N, Yokota M, Fitzsimmons RJ, Wikesjö ME. Overview of effects of electrical stimulation on osteogenesis and alveolar bone. J Periodontol 1995;66:2-6 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1995.66.1.2
- Jacobs JD, Norton LA. Electrical stimulation of osteogenesis in pathological osseous defects. J Periodontol 1976;47:311-9 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1976.47.6.311
- Gerling JA, Sinclair PM, Roa RL. The effect of pulsating electromagnetic fields on condylar growth in guinea pigs. Am J Orthod 1985;87:211-23 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(85)90042-9
- Narkhede PR. A histologic evaluation of the effect of electrical stimulation on osteogenic changes following placement of blade-vent implants in the mandible of rabbits. J Oral Implantol 1998;24:185-95 https://doi.org/10.1563/1548-1336(1998)024<0185:AHEOTE>2.3.CO;2
- Davidovitch Z, Finkelson MD, Steigman S, Shanfeld JL, Montgomery PC, Korostoff E. Electric currents, bone remodeling, and orthodontic tooth movement: I. The effect of electric currents on periodontal cyclic nucleotides. Am J Orthod 1980; 77:14-32 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(80)90221-3
- Davidovitch Z, Finkelson MD, Steigman S, Shanfeld JL, Montgomery PC, Korostoff E. Electric currents, bone remodeling, and orthodontic tooth movement: II. Increase in rate of tooth movement and periodontal cyclic nucleotide levels by combined force and electric current. Am J Orthod 1980; 77:33-47 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(80)90222-5
- Davidovitch Z, Steigman S, Finkelson MD, Yost RW, Montgomery PC, Shanfeld JL, et al. Immunohistochemical evidence that electric currents increase periosteal cell cyclic nucleotide levels in feline alveolar bone in vivo. Arch Oral Biol 1980; 25:321-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(80)90041-2
- Davidovitch Z, Korostoff E, Finkelson MD, Yost RW, Montgomery PC, Steigman S, et al. Effect of electric currents on gingival cyclic nucleotides in vivo. J Periodontal Res 1980; 15:353-62 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00292.x
- Hashimoto H. Effect of micro-pulsed electricity on experimental tooth movement. Nippon Kyosei Shika Gakkai Zasshi 1990;49:352-61
- Park SJ, Lee YJ, Park YG. A study on the efects of electrical stimulation by the miniature electric device on the tooth movement and tissue remodeling. Korea J Orthod 2003;33:279-91
- Shamos MH, Lavine LS. Piezoelectricity as a fundamental property of biological tissues. Nature 1967;213:267-9 https://doi.org/10.1038/231267a0
- Braden M, Bairstow AG, Beider I, Ritter BG. Electrical and piezoelectrical properties of dental hard tissues. Nature 1966;212:1565-66 https://doi.org/10.1038/2121565a0
- Marino A, Gross BD. Piezoelectricity in cementum, dentin and bone. Archs Oral Biol 1989;34:507-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(89)90087-3
- Davidovitch Z, Shanfield JL. Cyclic AMP levels in alveolar bone of orthodontically-treated cats. Archs Oral Biol 1975;20: 567-74 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(75)90076-X
- Norton LA, Rodan GA, Bourret LA. Epiphyseal cartilage cAMP changes produced by electrical and mechanical pertubations. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1977;124:59-68
- Spadaro JA. Electrically stimulated bone growth in animals and man. Review of the literature. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1977;122:325-32
- Beeson DC, Johnston LE, Wisotzky J. Effect of constant currents on orthodontic tooth movement in the cat. J Dent Res 1975;54:251-4
- Stark TM, Sinclair PM. Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1987;91:91-104 https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(87)90465-3
- Bassett CA, Pawluk RJ, Pilla AA. Acceleration of fracture repair by electromagnetic fields. A surgically noninvasive method. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1974;238:242-62 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb26794.x
- Friedenberg ZB, Roberts PG Jr, Didizian NH, Brighton CT. Stimulation of fracture healing by direct current in the rabbit fibula. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1971;53:1400-8 https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-197153070-00018