대한지리학회지 (Journal of the Korean Geographical Society)

대한지리학회 (The Korean Geographical Society)
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인종.민족별 거주지 분화 이론에 대한 고찰과 평가 -미국 시카고 아시아인을 사례로-

Racial/Ethnic Residential Segregation : A Case Study of Asian Immigrants in Chicago illinois PMSA

  • 정수열 (미국 웨스턴 일리노이 대학교 지리학과)
  • Chung, Su-Yeul (Department of Geography, College of Arts and Sciences, Western Illinois University)
  • 발행 : 2008.09.30
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초록

거주지 분화(residential segregation)는 도시 불평등을 심화하는 요인 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 거주지 분화의 원인에 대한 상이한 주장들을 살펴보고 사례분석을 통해 현실 적합성을 검증하고자 한다. 이론적 고찰은 일찍이 논의가 활발했던 미국도시의 인종 민족별 거주지 분화에 대한 것으로 한정하였으며, 거주지 분화가 소수민족의 주류사회로의 낮은 동화에 기인한다고 주장하는 지리적 동화론(spatial assimilation), 주택금융시장의 인종차별에 기인한다는 층화론(place stratification), 그리고 거주지선택에 있어 타민족에 대한 선입관과 자기민족에 대한 선호에 기인한다는 재기되는 민족성론(resurgent ethnicity)을 살펴보았다. 사례 연구로 시카고에 거주하는 아시아인의 거주패턴의 변화를 출신국가별로 지도로 그려 분석하였다. 1990년대를 통한 가장 큰 변화는 교외화와 재집중화로 요약될 수 있으며 이는 민족성론을 그리고 부분적으로 마나 동화론을 뒷받침한다.

Residential segregation is often considered to be one of the social problems that intensify urban inequality This study reviews three different frameworks about the causes of residential segregation and tests their validity in the real world. The review focuses on racial/ethnic residential segregation in U.S. cities since it has been blamed for persistent socio-economic gap among racial/ethnic groups. The three different segregation frameworks include 'spatial assimilation' that attributes segregation to low degree of assimilation and acculturation, 'place stratification' to discriminatory practices in the housing and mortgage markets such as steering, blockbusting, and redlining, and 'resurgent ethnicity' to racial/ethnic preference in residential choice, particularly in-group attraction. As an effort to test their validity, the paper examined residential pattern changes of the four major Asian nationality groups through 1990s and found that their residences got decentralized but re-cluster in some selected suburbs. This supports 'resurgent ethnicity' largely and 'spatial assimilation' only partly.

키워드

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