DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Quality Characteristics of Red Ginseng Cheonggukjang According to Addition Methods of Red Ginseng

홍삼첨가 방법에 따른 홍삼청국장의 품질특성

  • Jeong, Yong-Jin (Dept. of food Science and Technology, Keimyung University and Keimyung Foodex Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Woo, Seung-Mi (Dept. of food Science and Technology, Keimyung University and Keimyung Foodex Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Kwon, Joong-Ho (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Choi, Myung-Sook (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Seong, Jong-Hwan (Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Won (KT&G Central Research Center Institute)
  • 정용진 (계명대학교 식품가공학과 & (주)계명푸덱스) ;
  • 우승미 (계명대학교 식품가공학과 & (주)계명푸덱스) ;
  • 권중호 (경북대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 최명숙 (경북대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 성종환 (부산대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 이종원 (KT&G 중앙연구원)
  • Published : 2007.07.30

Abstract

This study investigated the quality characteristics of red ginseng cheonggukjang development by a various of concentration of red ginseng extract and powder to enhance its acceptability and functional properties. In the cheonggukjang added with red ginseng extract, viscous substances, reducing sugars, and fibrinolytic activity showed higher values by the addition of red ginseng extract. The standard crude saponin content of products containing red ginseng was evaluated, and found to be suitable in cheonggukjang added with 4% red ginseng extract. In the cheonggukjang added with red ginseng powder, viscous substances, reducing sugars, and fibrinolytic activity showed a similar tendency to the cheonggukjang added with red ginseng extract. Amino type nitrogen and ammonia type nitrogen decreased by increasing the addition of red ginseng powder, and the crude saponin content of cheonggukjang with the addition of 14% red ginseng powder was suitable, in terms of manufacturing standards for products containing red ginseng. Dependent on the addition time of red ginseng in cheonggukjang, viscous substances, reducing sugars, fibrinolytic activity, amino type nitrogen, and ammonia type nitrogen showed no differences based on the addition time; however, for crude saponin content, the cheonggukjang with red ginseng added before fermentation showed a higher saponin content than the cheonggukjang with red ginseng added after fermentation. The ginsenosides $Rg_{1}$, Re, Rf, $Rh_{1}$, $Rg_{2}$, $Rb_{1}$, Rc, $Rb_{2}$, Rd and $Rg_{3}$ were detected, but ginsenoside content did not show significant difference according to addition time. In conclusion, the addition amount of red ginseng in cheonggukjang for optimum fermentation was concentration of 4% (w/w), which showed the best results in quality characteristics.

본 연구에서는 홍삼과 청국장을 융합하여 기호도 및 기능적 특성이 강화된 홍삼청국장 개발을 위하여 홍삼엑기스와 홍삼분말 첨가량 및 첨가 방법에 따른 품질특성을 조사하였다. 홍삼엑기스를 첨가하여 청국장을 제조한 결과, 설정된 조건에서는 엑기스의 첨가량이 많을수록 점질물을 생성이 많아지고 환원당 함량과 혈전용해능도 높게 나타났다. 홍삼 제품 규격 사포닌 함량은 홍삼엑기스 4%에서 적합하게 나타났다. 또한 홍삼분말 첨가 청국장은 점질물 생성, 환원당 함량 및 혈전용해능이 엑기스 첨가 청국장과 비슷한 경향으로 나타났고 아미노태질소와 암모니아태질소 함량은 분말 첨가량이 높을수록 점점 감소하는 경향으로 나타났으며 조사포닌 함량은 분말 14% 첨가구가 홍삼성분함유 제품 제조 기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 홍삼첨가 시기를 달리하여 청국장을 제조한 결과, 점질물, 아미노태질소, 암모니아태질소, 환원당 함량 및 혈전용해능은 첨가시기에 따른 차이가 크지 않았으며, 조사포닌 함량은 발효전에 첨가한 구간이 발효후에 첨가한 것보다 더 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 진세노사이드 함량은 첨가시기에 따른 차이는 크지 않았으며 $Rg_{1}$, Re, Rf, $Rh_{1}$, $Rg_{2}$, $Rb_{1}$, Rc, $Rb_{2}$, Rd 및 $Rg_{3}$가 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로 홍삼엑기스 4%를 발효전에 첨가하는 방법이 홍삼융합청국장의 품질특성이 우수하여 최적 조건으로 설정할 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ko SK, Lee CR, Choi YE, Im BO, Sung JH, Yoon KR. 2003. Analysis of ginsenosides of white and red ginseng concentrates. Korean J Food Sci Technol 35: 536-539
  2. Kim EM. 2005. Quality characteristics of jeung-pyun according to the level of red ginseng powder. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 21: 209-216
  3. Kim US, Koh HK, Kang SK. 1989. Study of the effects of different products of ginseng radix aqua-acupuncture on the alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Soc 6: 1-13
  4. Yun TK, Lee YS, Lee YH, Yun HY. 2001. Cancer chemopreventive compounds of red ginseng produced from Panax ginseng C.A. meyer. J Ginseng Res 25: 107-111
  5. Kim DJ, Seong KS, Kim DW, Ko SR, Chang CC. 2004. Antioxidative effects of red ginseng saponins of paraquat-induced oxidative stress. J Ginseng Res 28: 5-10 https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2004.28.1.005
  6. Lee CK, Choi JW, Kim HK, Han YN. 1999. Biological activities of acidic polysaccharide of Korean red ginseng. II. Effects on hyperlipidemia induced by alcohol. J Ginseng Res 23: 8-12
  7. Cho YK, Sung HS, Lee HJ, Joo CH. 2001. Long-term intake of Korean red ginseng in HIV-1-infected patients: development of resistance mutation to zidovudine is delayed. Int Immunopharmacol 1: 1295-1305 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(01)00061-3
  8. Choi HK, Choi YJ. 2001. Evaluation of clinical efficacy of Korea red ginseng for erectile dysfunction by international index of erectile function (IIEF). J Ginseng Res 25: 112-117
  9. Kim ND. 2001. Pharmacological effects of red ginseng. J Ginseng Res 25: 2-10
  10. Ann YG. 2001. Studies on wax gourd-ginseng vinegar. Korean J Food & Nutr 14: 239-244
  11. Hyun JS, Kim MA. 2005. The effect of addition of level of red ginseng powder on Yackwa quality and during storage. Korean J Food Culture 20: 353-359
  12. Shin HJ, Shin DH, Kwak YS, Choo JJ, Kim SY. 1999. Changes in physiochemical properties of Kochujang by red ginseng addition. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 28: 760-765
  13. Lee SW, Choi HG, Park JH, Kim CK. 2000. Preparation and evaluation of dry alcohol containing red ginseng extract. J Ginseng Res 24: 23-28
  14. Kim JS, Yoo SM, Choe JS, Park HJ, Hong SP, Chang CM. 1998. Physicochemical properties of traditional cheonggukjang produced in different regions. Agric Chem Biotechnol 41: 377-383
  15. Ryu SH. 2002. Studies on antioxidative effects and antioxidative components of soybean and cheonggukjang. PhD Dissertation. Inje University. p 23-122
  16. In JP, Lee SK. 2004. Effect of Yucca (Yucca shidigera) extract on quality characteristics of cheonggukjang using Bacillus subtilis p01. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 47: 176-181
  17. Shon MY, Kwon SH, Park SK, Park JR, Choi JS. 2001. Changes in chemical components of black bean cheonggukjang added with kiwi and radish during fermentation. Korean J Postharvest Sci Technol 8: 449-455
  18. Yoo CK, Seo WS, Lee CS, Kang SM. 1998. Purification and characterization of fibrinolytic enzyme excreted by Bacillus subtilis K-54 isolated from cheonggukjang. Kor J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 26: 507-514
  19. Lee SK, Heo S, Bae DH, Choi KH. 1998. Medium optimization for fibrinolytic enzyme production by Bacillus subtilis KCK-7 isolated from Korean traditional cheonggukjang. Kor J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 26: 226- 231
  20. Hosoi T. 1996. Recent progress in treatment of osteoporosis. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 33: 240-244
  21. Joo HK. 1996. Studies on chemical composition of commercial Chungkuk-jang and flavor compounds of cheonggukjang by mugwort (Artmisia asiatica) or red pepper seed oil. Korea Soybean Digest 13: 44-56
  22. Choi UK, Son DH, Ji WD, Im MH, Choi JD, Chung YG. 1998. Changes of taste components and palatability during cheonggukjang fermentation by Bacillus subtilis DC-2. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 27: 840-845
  23. Woo SM, Kwon JH, Jeong YJ. 2006. Selection and fermentation characteristics of cheonggukjang strains. Korean J Food Preserv 13: 77-82
  24. Lee YL, Kim SH, Choung NH, Yim MH. 1992. A study on the production of viscous substance during the cheongguk- jang fermentation. J Korean Agric Chem Soc 35: 202-209
  25. Anson ML. 1939. The estimation of pepsin, trypsin, papain and cathepsin with hemoglobin. J Gen Physiol 22: 79-85 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.22.1.79
  26. Luchsinger WW, Cornesky RA. 1962. Reducing power by the dinitrosalicylic acid method. Anal Diochem 4: 346-347 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(62)90098-2
  27. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC. p 335
  28. Lee ST, Ryu JS, Kim MB, Kim DK, Lee HJ, Heo JS. 1999. Crude saponin contents of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A.DC. Korean J Medicinal Crop Sci 7: 172-176
  29. Lee JH, Kim SH. 1995. The effect of the long-term ginseng intakes on serum lipids profile and hemostatic factors in human. Korean J Nutr 28: 862-871
  30. Lee JH, Park HJ. 1998. Effect of intaking of red ginseng products on human platelet aggregation and bleed lipids. J Ginseng Res 22: 173-180
  31. 식품의약품안전청. 2003. 건강기능식품의 기준 및 규격제정(안) 입안예고. 공고 제 2003-62호. p 36-39

Cited by

  1. Supplementation ofCheonggukjangand Red GinsengCheonggukjangCan Improve Plasma Lipid Profile and Fasting Blood Glucose Concentration in Subjects with Impaired Fasting Glucose vol.14, pp.1-2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2009.1366
  2. Antioxidative Activity of Cheonggukjang Prepared with Purple Sweet Potato vol.46, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2014.46.2.224
  3. Optimization of the Addition of Garlic in Cheonggukjang using Response Surface Methodology vol.29, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2013.29.6.661
  4. Quality Characteristics of White pan bread with Led Ginseng powder vol.31, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7318/KJFC/2016.31.3.220
  5. Comparison of Functional Properties of Cheonggukjang by Using Red Ginseng vol.37, pp.3, 2008, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.3.261
  6. Characteristic Changes in Red Ginseng Fusion Cheonggukjang Based on Hydrolysis Conditions vol.36, pp.8, 2007, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.8.1031