Attributes of a 'Good Job': Construct Formation and Validation in South Korea

  • 발행 : 2007.08.25

초록

이 연구는 이른바 '좋은 일자리(good job)'를 측정하기 위한 양질의 지수(index)를 구성해내고 이를 다각도에서 평가하고 검증하려는 목적을 지닌다. '좋은 일자리'의 개념이 지니는 학술적, 실용적 중요성에도 불구하고 그 핵심적 구성지표들이 과연 무엇이며 좋은 일자리의 취득(attainment)을 추동하는 원인 및 취득의 결과는 과연 어떤 것인지에 대한 이론적, 경험적 공백이 여전하다. 이러한 공백이 존재하는 이유로는 그간 국내외 학계에서 측정속성이 우수하고 유용성 또한 높은 지수를 구성해보려는 진지한 성찰이 결여되어 있었다는 점 이외에도 일부 그러한 노력의 경우 각종 이론적, 분석적 한계를 피할 수 없었다는 점을 지적할 수 있다. 이 같은 문제점으로 인해, 이론적으로 취약하고 경험적으로 파편화된 연구결과들이 무성할 뿐, 이론적 정교성 및 실증적 엄정성을 두루 겸비한 양질의 지수는 좀처럼 찾아보기가 어려웠다. 이 연구에서는 사회학, 경제학, 심리학 등에서 좋은 일자리를 규정할 때 사용하는 소수의 핵심적 지표들을 바탕으로 이론적 토대가 굳건한 지수를 구성하고 이 지수의 타당도를 대표성 높은 전국표집 자료를 동원해서 여러 측면에서 동시에 평가해보았다. 국내 여러 사업장의 다양한 근로자들을 대상으로 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 공변량구조분석(LISREL) 방식을 통한 실증분석을 시도한 결과 임금, 직업위세, 권위, 고용안정성 등이 핵심적 지표인 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 이 지표들을 복합적으로 합성한 지수는 그 구성지표 원인, 결과 등과 관련해서 수렴 판별타당도 및 구성타당도를 구비하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과가 시사하는 바의 제반 논제들과 관련된 학술적 실천적 함의를 마지막으로 논의하였다.

The research reported in this paper suggests an index of a 'good job' and validates it in several different ways. Not much is known yet, it is emphasized, about what the defining characteristics of a good job are and what the causes and major consequences are resulting from the attainment of such job. This is not merely because relatively little attention has been paid to construct a usable index, but also because a few studies, if any, were often plagued with several limitations, some theoretical and other analytical. As a consequence, fragmented speculations and research findings tended to flourish in the shortage of an overarching conceptualization and rigorous empirical assessment. In particular, a comprehensive index that encompasses a few critical job characteristics based on some solid theoretical underpinnings was in thirsty want. To relieve this want, the current study tries to formulate such index and validate it. A covariance structure analysis of representative national sample survey (Korean General Social Survey) data in South Korea indicates that wage, occupational prestige, authority and job security are the defining characteristics of a good job and that the index consisting of these characteristics is generally valid with respect to its constituent attributes, antecedents and a consequence, thereby supporting its discriminant-convergent and construct validities. The findings are interpreted with providing a few substantive implications stemming from them.

키워드

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