소아기 피부근염의 임상적 고찰; 진단시 임상증상을 중심으로 한 고찰

A clinical analysis of juvenile dermatomyositis; focus on clinical manifestations at diagnosis

  • 이소영 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 방지석 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 김희석 (서울 소아과의원) ;
  • 김중곤 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실)
  • Lee, So Young (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Bang, Ji Seok (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Hee Seok (Seoul Clinic of Pediatrics) ;
  • Kim, Joong Gon (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University)
  • 투고 : 2007.09.15
  • 심사 : 2007.10.22
  • 발행 : 2007.11.15

초록

목 적 : 소아기 피부근염은 피부와 근육을 침범하는 만성 염증성 질환으로 비교적 드문 질환이다. 우리 나라에서는 산발적인 증례 보고는 있어 왔으나 종합적인 분석은 두가지의 보고가 있을 뿐이다. 이에 저자들은 진단 당시에 소아기 피부근염 환자들의 임상적 증상 및 검사 소견을 분석하였다. 방 법 : 1985년 1월부터 2007년 5월까지 서울대학교병원 소아과 면역 질환 분과에서 소아기 피부근염으로 진단받거나 타병원에서 진단 후 전원된 환아 47명을 대상으로 하여 연령 및 성병분포, 초기 임상 증상, 증상 발현으로부터 진단까지의 시간, 혈청근효소, 자가항체, 근전도, 근생검, 자기공명영상, 합병증 등을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환아들은 모두 47명으로 남자가 25명 여자가 22명으로 남녀 비율은 1.14:1이었다. 진단 당시 연령은 $6.51{\pm}0.88$세(1.5-13.25세)였다. 피부 발진은 모든 환아에서 나타났으나 3례의 환아에서는 진단 후 발생하였고, 얼굴 발진이 가장 많았다. 진단 당시 근쇠약감은 44례의 환아에서 나타났으며, 2례는 진단 후 나타났다. 근위부 근쇠약감은 계단을 잘 오르지 못하는 것이 가장 흔한 증상이었다. 질병 활성도는 평균 10.8점(3-17점)이었으며, 근쇠약감은 평균 4.91점(0-9점), 피부 병변은 평균 5.89점(0-9점)이었다. 피부와 근육의 증상 이외의 증상은 43%에서 관찰되었고, 석회증이 30%, 관절 구축이 21%, 흡인성 폐렴이 13 %로 관찰되었다. 석회증이 발생한 환아 중 47%는 진단 당시부터 관찰되었고 석회증이 발생한 위치는 골반과 둔부가 50%에 해당하였다. 혈청 근효소의 상승은 LDH가 96%, AST가 80%였다. 자가 항체 중 항핵항체가 59%로 가장 많은 양성을 나타내었으며, 이중 반점 모양이 58%에서 관찰되었다. 근전도는 88%에서 근염에 합당한 소견을 보였고, 근생검은 91%에서 피부근염에 합당한 소견을 보였다. 자기공명영상은 9례에서 시행되었고 모두 T2 강조 영상에서 고신호 강도 변화를 보여 근염에 합당하였다. 결 론 : 소아기 피부근염을 진단하기 위해서는 여러가지 진단 방법이 사용되고 있으나, 얼굴 발진, Gottron 발진, heliotrope 발진과 같은 피부 발진과 상하지 근위부 근육의 쇠약감과 같은 임상증상이 중요할 것으로 생각된다.

Purpose : Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in children. The purpose of this study is to observe demographic, initial presentations, duration of time between disease onset and diagnosis, clinical manifestations and laboratory findings at diagnosis of patients with JDM. Methods : Forty seven patients identified at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 1986 to May 2007. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively focusing on initial presentations, clinical manifestations and laboratory findings at the time of diagnosis of patients with JDM. Results : Male and female patients were 25 and 22, respectively and sex ratio was 1.14:1. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 6.51 years. Skin rash (94%) was the most common symptom, followed by the proximal muscle weakness (89%). The disease activity score was 10.8. The duration between the onset of the skin rash and the muscle weakness and diagnosis was 7.18 and 4.70 months, respectively. The serum muscle enzymes, LDH, AST, CK and aldolase, were elevated in the patient with JDM. Autoimmune antibodies, antinuclear antibody, anti SSA antibody and anti SSB antibody, were negative findings. Electromyography findings were consistent with JDM in 88% of the patients, the muscle biopsy was in 91% and all MRI findings were compatible with those of patients with JDM. The most common symptom besides musculocutaneous lesions was the calcinosis (62.5%). The most common site of calcinosis was the pelvic area and buttocks. Conclusion : This study shows that the major symptoms are proximal muscle weakness and cutaneous lesion, and they are important to diagnose JDM.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Wargula JC. Update on juvenile dermatomyositis: new advances in understanding its etiopathogenesis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2003;15:595-601 https://doi.org/10.1097/00002281-200309000-00013
  2. Rennebohm R. Juvenile dermatomyositis. Pediatr Ann 2002; 31:426-33 https://doi.org/10.3928/0090-4481-20020701-07
  3. Ravelli A, Ruperto N, Trail L, Felici E, Sala E, Martini A. Clinical assessment in juveile dermatomyositis. Autoimmunity 2006;39:197-203 https://doi.org/10.1080/08916930600622553
  4. Peloro TM, Fred Miller III O, Hahn TF, Newman ED. Juvenile dermatomyositis: a retrospective review of a 30year experience. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:28-34 https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2001.113686
  5. McCann LJ, Juggins AD, Maillard SM, Wedderburn LR, Davidson JE, Murray KJ, et al. The juvenile dermatomyositis national registry and repository(UK and Ireland)clinical characteristics of children recruited within the first 5yr. Rheumatol 2006;45:1255-60 https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kel099
  6. Kim SA, Choi IK, Kim TS, Kim DS. A clinical study of juvenile dermatomyositis. Kor J Rheumatol 2002;9:256-66
  7. Symmons DPM, Silis JA, Davis SM. The incidence of juvenile dermatomyositis: results from a nation-wide study. Br J Rheumatol 1995;34:732-6 https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/34.8.732
  8. Gerami P, Walling HW, Lewis J, Doughty L, Sontheimer RD. A systematic review of juvenile-onset clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis. Br J Dermatol 2007;154:637-44
  9. Kim DH, Koh YY Hwang YS. A clinical observation of childhood dermatomyositis. J Korean Pediatr Soc 1986;29: 53-62
  10. Bohan A, Peter JB. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. N Engl J Med 1975;292:344-7 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197502132920706
  11. Bode RK, Klein-Gitelman MS, Miller ML, Lechman TS, Pachman LM. Disease activity score for children with juvenile dermatomyositis: reliability and validity evidence. Arthritis Rheum 2003;49:7-15 https://doi.org/10.1002/art.10924
  12. Pachman LM, Abbott K, Sinacore JM, Amoruso L, Dyer A, Lipton R, et al. Duration of illness is an important variable for untreated children with juvenile dermatomyositis. J Pediatr 2006;148:247-53 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.10.032
  13. Pachman LM, Hayford JR, Chung A, Daugherty CA, Pallansch MA, Fink CW, et al. Juvenile dermatomyositis at diagnosis: clnical characteristics of 79 children. J Rheumatol 1998;25:1198-204
  14. Brown VE, Pilkington CA, Feldman BM, Davidson JE. An international consensus survey of the diagnostic criteria for juvenile dermatomyositis. Rheumatology 2006;45:990-3 https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kel025
  15. Santmyire-Rosenberger B, Dugan EM. Skin involvemnet in dermatomyositis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2003;15:714-22 https://doi.org/10.1097/00002281-200311000-00006
  16. Krain LS. Dermatomyositis in six patients without initial muscle involvement. Arch Dermatol 1975;111:241-5 https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.111.2.241
  17. Eisenstein DM, Paller AS, Pachman LM. Juvenile dermatomyositis presenting with rash alone. Pediatrircs 1997;100: 391-2 https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.100.3.391
  18. Trapani S, Camiciottoli G, Vierucci A, Pistolesi M, Falcini F. Pulmonary involvement in juvenile dermatomyositis: a two-year longitudinal study. Rheumatology 2001;40:216-20 https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/40.2.216
  19. Callen JP. Dermatomyositis. Lancet 2000;355:53-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)05157-0
  20. Carlisle JB, Partridge AA. Juvenile dermatomyositis: an atypical presentation. J Pediatr Health Care 2001;15:287-90 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5245(01)50100-5
  21. Tosun A, Serdaroglu G, AsIan MT, Polat M, Akalin T, Tekgul H, et al. Severe juvenile dermatomyositis: two patients complicated with extra musculocutaneous involvement. Rheumatol Int 2006;26:1040-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-006-0141-4
  22. Ramanan A V, Feldman BM. Clinical outcomes in juvenile dermatomyositis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2002;14:658-62 https://doi.org/10.1097/00002281-200211000-00005
  23. See Y, Martin K, Rooney M, Woo P. Severe juvenile der- matomyositis complicated by pancreatitis. Br J Rheumatol 1997;36:912-6 https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/36.8.912
  24. Akikusa JD, Tennakore DK, Levin A V, Feldman BM. Eye findings in patientswith juvenile dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol 2005;32:1986-91
  25. Blijham PJ, Hengstman GJ, Hama-Amin AD, Engelen BGM, Zwarts MJ. Needle electromyographic findings in 98 patients with myositis. Eur Neurol 2006;55:183-8 https://doi.org/10.1159/000093866
  26. Harris ED, Budd RC, Firestein GS, Genovese MC, Sergent JS, Ruddy S, et al. Kelly' s testbook of rheumatology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier saunders Co, 2001:1600-4
  27. Choi SJ, Chi JG. A study on needle muscle biopsy in patients with dermatomyositis-poliomyositis. J Korean Med Assoc 1986;29:1319-25