The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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Impact of Fish Farming on Macrobenthic Polychaete Communities

해상 가두리 양식이 저서 다모류군집에 미치는 영향

  • Jung, Rae-Hong (Marine Environment Research Team, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI)) ;
  • Yoon, Sang-Pil (Marine Environment Research Team, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI)) ;
  • Kwon, Jung-No (Research Planning Team, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI)) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Seong (Marine Environment Research Team, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI)) ;
  • Lee, Won-Chan (Marine Environment Research Team, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI)) ;
  • Koo, Jun-Ho (Jeju Fisheries Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Youn-Jung (Marine Environment Research Team, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI)) ;
  • Oh, Hyun-Taik (Marine Environment Research Team, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI)) ;
  • Hong, Sok-Jin (Marine Environment Research Team, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI)) ;
  • Park, Sung-Eun (Marine Environment Research Team, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI))
  • 정래홍 (국립수산과학원 환경연구팀) ;
  • 윤상필 (국립수산과학원 환경연구팀) ;
  • 권정노 (국립수산과학원 연구기획팀) ;
  • 이재성 (국립수산과학원 환경연구팀) ;
  • 이원찬 (국립수산과학원 환경연구팀) ;
  • 구준호 (국립수산과학원 제주수산연구소) ;
  • 김연정 (국립수산과학원 환경연구팀) ;
  • 오현택 (국립수산과학원 환경연구팀) ;
  • 홍석진 (국립수산과학원 환경연구팀) ;
  • 박성은 (국립수산과학원 환경연구팀)
  • Published : 2007.08.31
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Abstract

Excessive input of organic matters from fish cage farms to the coastal waters has been considered as one of the major factors disturbing their benthic ecosystem. Sediment samples were taken from around the two fish cage zones (A and B) in Tongyeong coast in June and August 2003, to evaluate the ecological impacts of fish cage farming activity on the macrobenthic polychaete communities. Polychaete accounted for $81{\sim}87%$ of the total macrofauna individuals from each of the sampling stations. The number of species, abundance, diversity and dominant species of polychaete were rapidly changed with the distance from the fish cages. Within 10 m from the fish cages, Capitella capitata, which is a bio-indicator for the highly enriched sediments, was a dominant species and the lowest diversity was recorded. In particular, the maximum density (${\sim}18,410\;ind.m^2$) of C. capitata was found at Farm A where fish cages were more densely established within a semi-enclosed bay system. The sampling zone between 10 m and 15 m showed a rapid decrease of C. capitata with a rapid increase of the numbers of species, implying that this zone may be an ecotone point from a highly to a slightly enriched area. In the sampling zone between 15 m and 60 m, a transitional zone, which represents slightly enriched condition before normal one, was observed with additional increase and maintenance of the number of species and density of polychaete. In addition, the potential bio-indicators of organic enrichment, such as Lumbrineris longifolia and Aphelochaeta monilaris were the predominant species in the sampling zone. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) ordination plots and k-dominance curves confirmed the above results on the gradual changes in the macrobenthic polychaete communities. Our findings suggest that the magnitude of impact of fish cage farming activity on polychaete communities is probably governed by a distance from fish cage, density of fish cage and geomorphological characteristics around fish cage farm.

가두리 양식으로 인해 과잉 공급된 유기물은 연안의 저서생태계를 교란시키는 주요인의 하나로 알려져 왔다. 이 연구는 2003년 6월과 8월 가두리 밀집해역인 통영연안의 두 양식장(A, B)에서 가두리 양식으로 인한 유기물 오염이 저서동물군집, 특히 저서다모류군집에 미치는 영향 정도와 범위를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 다모류가 저서동물 군집의 개체수 조성에서 차지하는 비율은 각 조사선에서 $81%{\sim}87%$로 매우 높았다. 가두리로부터 거리가 증가함에 따라 다모류군집의 종 수, 밀도, 다양도 그리고 우점종의 분포 양상은 현격히 변하였다. 가두리로부터 10 m 이내에서는 유기물 오염지표종인 Capitella capitata가 우점하였으며, 종 수도 가장 낮아 군집이 유기물에 의해 심하게 교란 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, C. capitata는 가두리 양식장의 밀집도가 상대적으로 높고 지형학적으로 보다 은폐된 양식장 A에서 최대 $18,410\;ind.m^{-2}$의 고밀도 출현 양상을 보였으며, 두 양식장의 거리에 따른 개체밀도와 다양도 패턴의 전체적인 차이를 좌우하였다. C. capitata의 개체수가 급감한 10 m 지점 이후 15 m까지 구간에서는 종 수가 급격히 증가하였다. 이런 종 수 및 밀도의 급격한 변화는 이 구간이 심한 유기물 오염 상태(highly polluted)에서 약한 유기물 오염 상태(slightly polluted)로 전환되는 추이점(ecotone point)임을 말해준다. $15{\sim}60m$ 구간에서는 종 수와 밀도의 추가적인 증가와 유지가 관찰되는 약한 유기물 오염 상태의 점이역(transitional zone)이 형성되었으며 군집의 주 구성원은 Lumbrineris longifolia, Aphelochaeta monilaris 등과 같은 잠재적 유기물 오염지시종들 이었다. K-우점도 곡선과 다차원 척도법의 결과도 앞의 군집변화와 일치하였다. 이 연구에서 저서다모류군집에 대한 유기물 오염의 영향은 가두리로부터 떨어진 거리, 가두리가 위치한 해역의 지형학적 특성 및 가두리 양식장의 밀집도에 의해 좌우되었다.

Keywords

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