Smart Structures and Systems

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Application of magnetoelastic stress sensors in large steel cables

  • Wang, Guodun (Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, the University of Illinois at Chicago) ;
  • Wang, Ming L. (Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, the University of Illinois at Chicago) ;
  • Zhao, Yang (Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, the University of Illinois at Chicago) ;
  • Chen, Yong (Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University) ;
  • Sun, Bingnan (Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University)
  • Received : 2005.03.28
  • Accepted : 2006.01.12
  • Published : 2006.04.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this paper, the application of magnetoelasticity in static tension monitoring for large steel cables is discussed. Magnetoelastic (EM) stress sensors make contact-free tension monitoring possible for hanger cables and post-tensioned cables on suspension and cable-stayed bridges. By quantifying the correlation of magnetic relative permeability with tension and temperature, the EM sensors inspect the load levels in the steel cables. Cable tension monitoring on Qiangjiang (QJ) 4th Bridge demonstrates the reliability of the EM sensors.

Keywords

References

  1. Bozorth, R. M. (1951), Ferromagnetism, D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., Canada
  2. Bertotti, G. (1992), Hysteresis in Magnetism, Academic Press Series in Electromagnetism, MD
  3. Birss, R. R. (1971), 'Magnetomechanical effects in the Rayleigh region', IEEE Trans. Magn., 7, 113-133 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.1971.1067015
  4. Chen, Z. (2000), 'Characterization and constitutive modeling of ferromagnetic materials for measurement of stress', PhD thesis, the University of Illinois at Chicago
  5. Cullity, B. D. (1972), Introduction to Magnetic Materials, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading MA
  6. Daughton, J. M. (1999), 'GMR applications', J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 192, 334-342 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(98)00376-X
  7. Griffiths, D. J. (1999), Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, Inc
  8. Hovorka, O. (2002), 'Measurement of hysteresis curves for computational simulation of magnetoelastic stress sensors', MS thesis, the University of Illinois at Chicago
  9. Jiles, D. C., Lo, C. C. H. (2003), 'The role of new materials in the development of magnetic sensors and actuators', Sensors and Actuators A, 106, 3-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-4247(03)00255-3
  10. Lloyd, G. M., Singh, V., Wang, M. L. (2002), 'Experimental evaluation of differential thermal errors in magnetostatic stress sensors for Re < 180', IEEE Sensors 2002, Magnetic Sensing III, Paper No. 6.54
  11. Mix, P. E. (1987), Introduction to Non-destructive Testing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ
  12. Joule, J. P. (1842), 'On a new class of magnetic forces', Ann. Electr. Magn. Chem., 8, 219-224
  13. Schneider, C. S., Cannell, P. Y. and Watts, K. T. (1992), 'Magnetization for large stresses', IEEE Trans. Magn, 28, 2626-2631 https://doi.org/10.1109/20.179578
  14. Shewman, P. (1989), Diffusion in Solid, 2nd edition, Mineral, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale, PA
  15. Singh, V., Lloyd, G. D., Wang, M., L. (2003), 'Effects of temperature and corrosion thickness and composition on magnetic measurement of structural steel wires', the 6th ASME-JSME of 2003
  16. Stablik, M. J. and Jiles, D. C. (1993), 'Coupled magnetoelastic theory of magnetic and magnetostrictive hysteresis', IEEE Trans. Magn., 29, 2113-2123 https://doi.org/10.1109/20.221036
  17. Tayalia, P., Heider, D. and Gillespie, J. W. Jr. (2000), 'Characterization and theoretical modeling of magnetostrictive strain sensors', Sensors and Actuators A, 111, 267-274 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2003.11.011
  18. Wang, G. and Wang, M. L. (2004), 'The utilities of U-shape EM sensors in stress monitoring', Struct. Eng. Mech., 17(3-4), 291-302 https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2004.17.3_4.291
  19. Wang, M. L., Chen, Z. L., Koontz, S. S. and Lloyd, G. D. (2000), 'Magneto-elastic permeability measurement for stress monitoring', Proceeding of the SPIE 7th Annual Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, Health Monitoring of the Highway Transportation Infrastructure, 6-9 March, CA, 3995, 492-500
  20. Wang, M. L., Koontz, S. and Jarosevic, A. (1998), 'Monitoring of cable forces using magneto-elastic sensors', 2nd U.S. -China Symposium Workshop on Recent Developments and Future Trends of Computational Mechanics in Structural Engineering, May 25-28, Dalian, PRC. 337-349
  21. Wang, M. L., Lloyd, G. and Hovorka, O. (2001), 'Development of a remote coil magneto-elastic stress sensor for steel cables', SPIE 8th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Material. Health Monitoring and Management of Civil Infrastructure Systems; Newport Beach CA, 4337, 122-128
  22. Weiss, P. (1907), 'Hysteresis of the molecular field and ferromagnetic properties', J. Phys., 4, 661-690

Cited by

  1. Comparative Field Study of Cable Tension Measurement for a Cable-Stayed Bridge vol.18, pp.8, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000421
  2. Monitoring and analysis of long-term prestress losses in post-tensioned concrete beams 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.07.057
  3. Real-Time Output-Only Identification of Time-Varying Cable Tension from Accelerations via Complexity Pursuit vol.142, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001337
  4. Improvement of MFL sensing-based damage detection and quantification for steel bar NDE vol.22, pp.2, 2006, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.2.239
  5. Estimation of full‐field, full‐order experimental modal model of cable vibration from digital video measurements with physics‐guided unsupervised machine learning and computer vis vol.26, pp.6, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2358