Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Aspects of the dynamic wind-induced response of structures and codification

  • Tamura, Yukio (Tokyo Polytechnic University) ;
  • Kareem, Ahsan (University of Notre Dame) ;
  • Solari, Giovanni (University of Genova) ;
  • Kwok, Kenny C.S. (Hong Kong University of Sciene & Technology) ;
  • Holmes, John D. (JDH Consulting) ;
  • Melbourne, William H. (MEL Consultants)
  • Received : 2003.10.01
  • Accepted : 2005.04.20
  • Published : 2005.08.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper describes the work of the International Association for Wind Engineering Working Group E -Dynamic Response, one of the International Codification Working Groups set up at the Tenth International Conference on Wind Engineering in Copenhagen. Comparisons of gust loading factors and wind-induced responses of major codes and standards are first reviewed, and recent new proposals on 3-D gust loading factor techniques are introduced. Then, the combined effects of along-wind, crosswind and torsional wind load components are discussed, as well as the dynamic characteristics of buildings. Finally, the mathematical forms of along-wind velocity spectra for along-wind response calculation and codification of acceleration criteria are discussed.

Keywords

References

  1. AIJ-GBV (1991), "Guidelines for the evaluation of habitability to building vibration", Architectural Institute ofJapan (English summary: Goto, T., Ohkuma, T., Tamura, Y. and Nakamura, O., Guidelines for the evaluationof habitability to building, Compact Papers, ASCE Structures Congress '92, San Antonio, April 13-15, 1992).
  2. AIJ-RLB-1993 (1993), Recommendations for Loads on Buildings, Architectural Institute of Japan (Englishversion, 1996).
  3. AIJ-RLB-2004 (2004), Recommendations for Loads on Buildings, Architectural Institute of Japan (in Japanese).
  4. AS/NZ1170.2 (2002), Australian/New Zealand Standard, Structural design actions, Part 2: wind actions,Standards Australia & Standards New Zealand.
  5. AS1170.2 (1989), SAA Loading Code, Part 2 - Wind forces, AS1170.2-89, Standards Australia.
  6. Asami, Y. (2000), "Combination method for wind loads on high-rise buildings", Proceedings of the 16thNational Symposium on Wind Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, 531-534 (in Japanese).
  7. Asami, Y. (2002), "Comparisons of gust loading factors in codes and standards", Japanese Domestic Committeeon TC98/SC3/WG2 for ISO4354 Revision, 5.
  8. ASCE7-98 (2000), "Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures", American Society of CivilEngineers, Reston, VA.
  9. Boggs, D.W. and Peterka, J.A. (1989), "Aerodynamic model tests of tall buildings", J. Eng. Mech., ASCE, 115(3), 618-635. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1989)115:3(618)
  10. BS 6399 (1997), Part 2, Loading for building Structures. Part 2. Code of practice for wind loads, BritishStandards Institution.
  11. Davenport, A.G. (1967), "Gust loading factors", J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 93, 11-34.
  12. Davenport, A.G. (1995), "How can we simplify and generalize wind loads", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 54-55,657-669. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)00079-S
  13. Denoon, R.O. (2000), "Designing for wind-induced serviceability accelerations in buildings", PhD Thesis,University of Queensland.
  14. Eurocode ENV1991-2-4 (1994), EUROCODE 1: Basis of Design and Actions on Structures, Part 2.4: WindActions, CEN/TC 250/Sc1, 1994.
  15. Eurocode prEN1991-2-4 (2004), EUROCODE 1: Design and Actions on Structures, Part 1.4: General Actions -Wind Actions, CEN TC 250.
  16. GB50009 (2001), Chinese Standard for wind loads.
  17. Gurley, G., Kijewski, T. and Kareem, A. (2003), "First- and higher-order correlations determination usingwavelet transform", J. Eng. Mech., ASCE, 129(2), 188-200. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2003)129:2(188)
  18. Hibi, K., Tamura, Y. and Kikuchi, H. (2003), "Peak normal stresses and wind load combinations of middle-risebuildings", Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting, Architectural Institute of Japan, 20057,September, 113-114 (in Japanese).
  19. Ho, T.C.E., Lythe, G.R. and Isyumov, N. (1999), "Structural loads and responses from the integration ofinstantaneous pressure", Wind Engineering into the 21st Century, 3 (editors: Larsen, Larose and Livesey).
  20. Holmes, J.D. (2002), "Effective static load distributions in wind engineering", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 90,91-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(01)00164-7
  21. Hong Kong Code of practice on wind effects (1996), Buildings Department, Draft.
  22. Hui, Z., Bachmann, A. and Graubner, C.A. (2001), "Wind loads on high-rise structures - Comparative study ofcode provisions according to EUROCODE1 and Chinese Code", Proc. APCWE V, Kyoto, Japan, 613-616.
  23. Irwin, A.W. (1979), "Human response to dynamic motion of structures", The Structural Engineer, 56A(9), 237-244.
  24. Irwin, A.W. (1986), "Motion in tall buildings", Proceedings of Conf. Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat "SecondCentury of the Skyscraper". Van Nostrand, Chicago, 759-778.
  25. ISO 6897 (1984), Guidelines for the Evaluation of the Response of Occupants of Fixed Structures, EspeciallyBuildings and Off-Shore Structures, to Low Frequency Horizontal Motion (0.063 to 1 Hz), Geneva.
  26. Isyumov, N. (1995), "Motion perception tolerance and mitigation", Proc. 5th World Congress of Council on TallBuildings and Urban Habitat, Amsterdam.
  27. Kareem, A. (1982), "Measurements of total dynamic loads from surface pressures", Proceedings of theInternational Workshop on Wind Tunnel Modeling Criteria and Techniques. Ed. T. A. Reinhold; National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland, Cambridge University Press.
  28. Kareem, A. (1985), "Lateral-torsional motion of tall buildings to wind loads", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 111(11),2479-2496. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:11(2479)
  29. Kasperski, M. (1992), "Extreme wind load distributions for linear and nonlinear design", Eng. Struct., 14, 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(92)90005-B
  30. Kijewski, T. and Kareem, A. (1998), "Dynamic wind effects: a comparative study of provisions in codes andstandards with wind tunnel data", Wind and Struct., An Int. J., 1(1), 77-109. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.1998.1.1.077
  31. Melbourne, W.H. (1975), "Probability distributions of response of BHP house to wind action and modelcomparisons", J. Indus. Aerody., 1(2), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(75)90012-4
  32. Melbourne, W.H. (1983), "Notes on recommendations on acceleration criteria for occupancy comfort in tallstructures", Commercial Wind Tunnel Investigation Reports, MEL Consultants.
  33. Melbourne, W.H. (1998), "Comfort criteria for wind-induced motion in structures", Struct. Eng. Int., 40-44.
  34. Melbourne, W.H. and Cheung, J.C.K.C. (1988), "Designing for serviceable accelerations in tall buildings", 4thIntl Conf. on Tall Buildings, Hong Kong and Shanghai, 148-155.
  35. NBCC (1995), User's Guide-NBC1995 Structural Commentaries (Part 4).
  36. Piccardo, G. and Solari, G. (2000), "3-D wind-excited response of slender structures: Closed form solution", J.Struct. Eng., ASCE, 126, 936-943. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:8(936)
  37. Piccardo, G. and Solari, G. (2002), "3-D gust effect factor for slender vertical structures", Probabilistic Eng. Mech., 17, 143-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-8920(01)00034-0
  38. Repetto, M.P. and Solari, G. (2004), "Equivalent static wind actions on vertical structures", J. Wind Eng. Ind.Aerodyn., 92, 335-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.01.002
  39. Simiu, E. (1976), "Equivalent static wind loads for tall buildings design", J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 102, 719-737.
  40. Solari, G. (1982), "Alongwind response estimation: closed form solution", J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 108, 225-244.
  41. Solari, G. and Pagnini, L.C. (1999), "Gust buffeting and aeroelastic behaviour of poles and monotubular towers",J. Fluid and Struct., 13, 877-905. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfls.1999.0240
  42. Solari, G. and Repetto, M.P. (2002), "General tendencies and classification of vertical structures under windloads", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 90, 1299-1319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00259-3
  43. Tamura, Y., Kawai, H., Uematsu, Y., Marukawa, H., Fujii, K. and Taniike, Y. (1996), "Wind loads and windinducedresponse estimations in the Recommendations for loads on buildings", AIJ 1993, EngineeringStructures, 18, 399-411.
  44. Tamura, Y., Kikuchi, H. and Hibi, K. (2002a), "Quasi-static wind load combinations for low- and middle-risebuildings AGD2002 symposium preprints", Engineering Symposium to Honor Alan G. Davenport for His 40Years of Contributions, The University of Western Ontario, Canada, C3-1 - C3-12.
  45. Tamura, Y., Kikuchi, H. and Hibi, K. (2002b), "Quasi-static wind load combinations for buildings", The SecondInternational Symposium on Wind and Structures, Busan, Korea, August 21-23, 61-68.
  46. Tamura, Y., Suda, K. and Sasaki, A. (2000), "Damping in buildings for wind resistant design", InternationalSymposium on Wind and Structures for the 21st Century, Cheju, Korea, 115-130.
  47. Tschanz, T. and Davenport, A.G. (1983), "The base balance technique for the determination of dynamic windloads", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 13, 429-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(83)90162-9
  48. Vickery, B.J. and Basu, R.I. (1984), "The response of reinforced concrete chimneys to vortex shedding", Eng.Struct., 6, 324-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(84)90030-0
  49. Zhou, Y. and Kareem, A. (2001), "Gust loading factor: new model", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 127(2), 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:2(168)
  50. Zhou, Y., Kareem, A. and Gu, M. (2002), "On the mode shape corrections for wind load effects on tallbuildings", J. Eng. Mech., ASCE, 128(1), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:1(15)
  51. Zhou, Y., Kijewski, T. and Kareem, A. (2002), "Along-wind load effects on tall buildings: a comparative studyof major international codes and standards", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 128(6), 788-796. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:6(788)
  52. Zhou, Y., Kijewski, T. and Kareem, A. (2003), "Aerodynamic loads on tall buildings: an interactive database", J.Struct. Eng., ASCE, 129(3), 394-404. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:3(394)

Cited by

  1. Comparison and harmonization of building wind loading codes among the Asia-Pacific Economies vol.7, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-013-0230-x
  2. Field measurements of boundary layer wind characteristics and wind-induced responses of super-tall buildings vol.96, pp.8-9, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.03.004
  3. High-frequency force balance technique for tall buildings: a critical review and some new insights vol.18, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2014.18.4.391
  4. Wind loads and effects on rigid frame bridges with twin-legged high piers at erection stages vol.20, pp.10, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433216684350
  5. Field Measurement of Wind Characteristics of Typhoon Muifa on the Shanghai World Financial Center vol.8, pp.9, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/893739
  6. Field Measurements of Dynamic Properties of High-Rise Buildings vol.14, pp.6, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.14.6.1107
  7. Thunderstorm response spectrum: Fundamentals and case study vol.143, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.04.009
  8. Thunderstorm response spectrum technique: Theory and applications vol.108, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.11.012
  9. Investigation of wind load on 1,000 m-high super-tall buildings based on HFFB tests vol.25, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2068
  10. Comparative study of major international wind codes and standards for wind effects on tall buildings vol.51, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.01.008
  11. Dynamic monitoring of a stadium suspension roof: Wind and temperature influence on modal parameters and structural response vol.59, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.10.021
  12. e-Analysis of High-Rise Buildings Subjected to Wind Loads vol.134, pp.7, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:7(1139)
  13. Gust Buffeting of Slender Structures and Structural Elements: Simplified Formulas for Design Calculations and Code Provisions vol.144, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001949
  14. Wind Loading of Structures: Framework, Phenomena, Tools and Codification vol.12, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2017.09.008
  15. Wind pressure coefficients on low-rise structures and codification vol.8, pp.4, 2005, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2005.8.4.283
  16. Correlation of wind load combinations including torsion on medium-rise buildings vol.15, pp.5, 2005, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2012.15.5.423
  17. Dynamic Characteristics and Responses of Damped Outrigger Tall Buildings Using Negative Stiffness vol.146, pp.12, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002846
  18. Comparative assessment of ASCE 7-16 and KBC 2016 for determination of design wind loads for tall buildings vol.31, pp.6, 2005, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2020.31.6.575
  19. Gust Buffeting and Aerodynamic Admittance of Structures with Arbitrary Mode Shapes. I: Enhanced Equivalent Spectrum Technique vol.147, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0001872
  20. Comparisons of Aerodynamic Data with the Main Wind Force-Resisting System Provisions of ASCE 7-16. I: Low-Rise Buildings vol.147, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002925
  21. Wind engineering for high-rise buildings: A review vol.32, pp.3, 2005, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2021.32.3.249
  22. Multi-objective shape optimization of tall buildings considering profitability and multidirectional wind-induced accelerations using CFD, surrogates, and the reduced basis approach vol.32, pp.4, 2005, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2021.32.4.355