토양질 기준에 관한 주요 외국 정책의 비교분석을 통한 우리나라의 토양질 기준 개념설정과 적용

Policy Suggestions Regarding to Soil Quality Levels in Korea from a Comparison Study of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark's Soil Quality Policies

  • 박용하 (한국환경정책.평가연구원) ;
  • 양재의 (강원대학교 자원생물환경학과) ;
  • 옥용식 (강원대학교 자원생물환경학과)
  • Park Yong-Ha (Korea Environment Institute) ;
  • Yang Jae-E (Division of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Ok Yong-Sik (Division of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University)
  • 발행 : 2005.08.01

초록

우리나라의 토양질 기준에 관한 정책개발을 위해 미국, 영국, 네덜란드, 독일, 덴마크의 토양질 기준 정책을 분석하였다. 이들 국기들은 사전 조사한 18개 EU 국가 및 캐나다, 호주, 미국 중에서 선정하였다. 이들 국가의 정책 분석은 다음과 같은 시사점을 제공하고 있다. 첫째, 이들 국가에서 적용되고 있는 토양질 기준의 개념에는 토양오염물질의 양과 인체 및 생태계 위해성의 상관관계가 반영되어 있다. 둘째, 어떠한 토양질 기준이라도 오염물질에 의한 인체 및 생태계 위해 유무를 결정하는 절대적인 수치(a magic number)가 될 수 없다. 셋째, 대부분의 경우 토양에 존재하는 오염물질의 농도는 매우 낮으며 오염물질의 농도와 위해성 결과에 대해 불확실성이 있음을 인식하고 있다. 넷째, 토지의 이용 용도를 고려하여 토양질 기준을 적용하고 있다. 토양질 기준에 관한 우리의 문제점과 외국 정책 분석 자료의 시사점을 종합적으로 고려 할 때, 향후 우리가 추진해야 할 정책은 크게 네 방호에서 접근할 수 있다. 첫째, 현재 우리가 사용하고 있는 토양질 기준의 개념을 발전시키고 적용한다. 둘째, 토양질 기준과 위해성 평가를 토양질을 판단하는 정책 수단으로 병행한다. 셋째, 위해성에 근거를 둔 토양질 기준을 개발한다. 넷째, 토양질 기준 을 합리적으로 적용시킬 수 있는 토지의 이용 용도 구분 등에 관한 법과 제도를 발전시킨다. 본 연구에서 제공하고 있는 새로운 토양질 기준(토양오염기준과 토양오염대책기준)의 개념, 토양질 기준과 위해성 평가의 연계방안, 인체 및 생태계 위해성에 근거를 둔 토양질 기준의 개발, 토양오염물질에 대한 인체 및 생태계 노출 민감성에 따라 토지 이용 용도를 3가지로 구분한 것은 향후 우리나라의 토양질 기준 개선의 근간이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Policies regarding to soil quality of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, and Demark were analyzed to suggest Korean policy for improving soil quality concept and it's implementation. All countries met four criteria: I) Soil quality levels of contaminants are indebt to concept of contaminant risk to recipients (human and ecosystem); ii) Any soil quality value can't be a magic number to determine whether a site is contaminated or not. To determine risk of sites, risk assessment of the sites should be followed; iii) Concentrations of contaminants of sites are not always significantly certain to risk of human and ecosystem of the sites; and iv) Soil quality levels are adopted based on land uses and plans. Considering our rooms to improve policies and analysis of the other country reports on their legislations about soil quality levels, our policy implementation could be approached from these directions: i) Our concept for soil quality levels needs to develop in scientific and rational. ii) Soil quality levels and risk assessment should be implemented as determining tools of site contamination in parallel, and iii) Soil quality levels depending on land uses and plans should be developed in debt with rational and scientific concept of risk. Increasing efficacy of Korea policy regarding the soil quality levels would be in dept to applying concepts of SCL (Soil Contamination Level) and SRL (Soil Regulatory Level) developed, implementing soil quality levels and risk assessment of contaminated sites in conjunction, and classifying three distinctions of land uses based on sensitiveness of recipients (human and ecosystem) to contaminants in soil in this research.

키워드

참고문헌

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