Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles (한국의류학회지)

The Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles (한국의류학회)
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A Comprehensive Approach to Model Development -The Effect of U.S. Retail Employees' Work Experiences on Job Performance, Job Satisfaction, and Retail Career Intention-

연구모델 개발의 포괄적 접근 -미국 소매업 종사자의 직무 경험이 소매업 직업 성과와 직업 만족 그리고 소매업 직업 선택의도에 미치는 영향-

  • Kim, Hae-Jung (School of Merchandising and Hospitality Management, University of North Texas) ;
  • Crutsinger, Christy (School of Merchandising and Hospitality Management, University of North Texas) ;
  • Knight, Dee (School of Merchandising and Hospitality Management, University of North Texas)
  • Published : 2005.12.01
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Abstract

In a highly competitive marketplace, U.S. retailers are challenged to attract, recruit, and retain a skilled workforce. The purpose of our research was to examine the impact of young retail employees' work experiences on their job performance, job satisfaction, and career intention using a comprehensive approach to model development. The model was developed in three phases over a four-year period using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. During Phase 1, we conducted focus group interviews to guide the development of the questionnaire. Work experience was initially operationalized as role conflict, role ambiguity, supervisory support, and work involvement. Using a student sample(n=470) from U.S. universities, we employed multiple regression to determine the significance of relationships between their work experience, job satisfaction, and retail career intention. During Phase 2, we expanded our investigation to include retail work experiences of teens employed while they were in high school. The teen sample(n=898) was drawn from students enrolled in work-study programs in 16 U.S. high schools, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (hereafter SEM). During Phase 3, we expanded our model to include two new variables, job characteristics and job performance. Based on a national sample(n=803) of U.S. university students, we employed SEM to holistically determine if retail employees' work experience impacted their job performance, job satisfaction, and retail career intention. During each phase, job satisfaction consistently was the superior antecedent of retail career intention. Among the work experience variables, supervisory support had a positive impact on job satisfaction, while role conflict, role ambiguity, and work involvement exhibited inconsistent effects on job outcomes. The strong relationship between job satisfaction and retail career intention should make job satisfaction a priority for retailers.

활발한 미국 소매업 시장에는 그 어느 때 보다 많은 취업과 고용의 기회가 있다. 소매업이 타 산업이나 혹은 소매업간에서 경쟁적 우위를 차지하기 위해서는 유능한 인재의 확보가 우선적이다 그러나 대학교육을 이수한 젊은 인재들의 소매업에 대한 부정적 인식과 또한 소매업 종사자의 높은 이직률은 현재 소매업의 증가하는 인적 요구를 수용하기 어렵게 한다. 따라서 대부분의 미국 소매업에서는 24세 이하의 젊은 임시직 고용인으로 인재를 확충하고 있는 현실이다. 그러나 적절한 직업 훈련이나 직업 역할에 대한 감독자의 충분한 지도 없이 형성되는 그들의 일시적인 소매업 직무 경험은, 소매업종에 대한 부정적 인식을 가중시키고 있다. 이러한 제한적 인 직무 경험은 곧 소매업 자체에도 부정적 인 파급효과를 낳게 되어 소매 기업 자체의 이 익을 저하함은 물론, 장기적 안목에서 유능한 인재를 소매업으로 유입할 수 없게 만드는 요인이 되는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 대부분 고등학교 시절부터, 임시직 고용인으로 출발하는 미국 젊은 소매업 종사자들의 '직무 경험'이 어떻게 그들의 '직업 성과' 와 '직업 만족'궁극적으로는 장래의 '소매업 직업 선택'에 인과적 영향을 미치는지를 연구하였다. 연구방법은, 4년 간에 걸쳐 5회의 focus group interview 와 총 2,171명에 대한 3회의 설문지조사가 미국 고등학교 및 대학생들을 대상으로 시행되었다. 이러한 광범위한 양적, 질적 접근에 대하여 회귀분석, 확증적 요인분석, 구조방정식 모델의 분석을 함으로써 본 연구 주제에 대한 포괄적인 연구모델이 개발되었다. 연구결과로는 젊은 임시직 소매업 고용인들의 직무 경험 중 '감독자지도' 와 '직무관여'는 일관되게 '직업 만족' 및 '직업성과'에 긍정적 영향을 미치고 있었다. 그러나 '역할 갈등'과 '역할 모호성'은 '직업 만족'및 '직업성과'에 비 일관된 부정적 영향을 미치고 있었다 한편 '직업성과'는 '직업 만족'과 '소매업 직업 선택의도'에 대해 영향을 미치지 않은 반면, '직업 만족'은 '직업 선택의도'에 직접적인 결정적 요소로 일관된 영향을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 미국 젊은 학생들이 고등학교 시절부터 보편적으로 경험하게 되는 소매업 직무 경험에서, 혁신적인 감독자들로부터 적절하게 직무에 대한 지도를 훈련받고 또한 높은 수준의 직무 관여를 소매업 종사자들이 경험한다면, 그들의 직업 만족은 증가하고 이는 곧 장래에 그들이 소매업을 직업으로 선택하게 할 수 있는 가장 최우선적인 동력이라는 것을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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