Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회지)

The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회)
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Chemical Characteristics of Soil and Groundwater in Plastic Film House Fields under Fertigation System

시설하우스 관비재배 토양과 지하수의 화학성

  • Lee, Young-Han (Gyeongsangm-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Lee, Seong-Tae (Gyeongsangm-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Dae (Gyeongsangm-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Kim, Yeong-Bong (Gyeongsangm-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services)
  • Published : 2005.12.31
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Abstract

To enhance groundwater quality and soil nutrient management in fertigated plastic film house, groundwater samples from Jinju 52, Sacheon 3, Changnyeong 3, Sancheong 4 and Namhae 2 sites and soil samples from Jinju 23 sites were collected from September to November in 2004. The average concentration of $NO_3-N$ in groundwater was $12.0mg{\ell}^{-1}$ and 20% of survey sites exceeded the limiting level $(20mg{\ell}^{-1})$ of agricultural goundwater quality. The amount of ions in groundwater was in the order of $Ca^{2+}>Na^+>Mg^{2+}>NH_4-N>K^+$ in cations and ${HCO_3}^->{SO_4}^{2-}>NO_3-N>Cl^-$ in anions. Electrical conductivity of groundwater was positively correlated with $Ca^{2+},\;Cl^-,\;Mg^{2+},\;{SO_4}^{2-},\;NO_3-N\;and\;Na^+$ concentrations. In addition, it had significantly positive correlation with sum cations and anions, respectively $({\Sigma}cations\;(me{\ell}^{-1})$ = EC values $(dS\;m^{-1}){\times}4.65,\;{\Sigma}anions\;(me{\ell}^{-1})$ = EC values $(dS\;m^{-1}){\times}7.63\;and\;{\Sigma}\;(cations+anions,\;me{\ell}^{-1})$ = EC values $(dS\;m^{-1}){\times}11.1)$. The proportions of soil chemical properties over the critical levels for crop production in fertigated plastic film house were 56.5% in pH, 47.8% in OM, 95.7% in available $P_2O_5$, 78.3% in exchangeable K, 87% in exchangeable Ca, 56.5% in exchangeable Mg and 43.5% in EC. Soil pH was positively correlated with pH $(r=0.540^{**})$ and ${HCO_3}^-$ concentration $(r=0.523^{**})$ of groundwater.

관비재배 농가의 농업환경 오염을 최소화하고 작물 안전 생산을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 토양 양분과 지하수질 조사를 수행하였다. 관비재배지 지하수는 시설재배가 집약적으로 이루어지고 있는 지역을 중심으로 진주 52, 사천 3, 창녕 3, 산청 4 및 남해 2개소 등 경남지역 64개소를 선정하여 2004년 9월에서 11월 사이에 채취하였고 농가의 기본적인 현황은 설문조사를 통하여 지하수 깊이는 43개소, 관비재배 년수는 41개소를 조사하였다. 시설 관비재배지의 토양은 지하수 조사지점 65개소 중에서 작물재배 면적을 고려하여 23개소를 선정하였다. 시설 관비재배지 지하수의 $NO_3-N$ 함량 평균은 $12.0mg\;l^{-1}$였으며 20% 정도가 농업용수 수질기준을 초과하였다. 지하수중 양이온량은 $Ca^{2+}\;Na^+\;Mg^{2+}\;NH_4-N$ 및 $K^+$ 순이었고 음이온량은 ${HCO_3}^-\;{SO_4}^{2-}\;NO_3-N$ 및 $Cl^-$ 순으로 많았다. 시설 관비재배지 지하수의 EC 농도는$Ca^{2+},\;Cl^-,\;Mg^{2+},\;{SO_4}^{2-},\;NO_3-N$ 및 $Na^+$ 함량과 고도의 유의성있는 정의상관을 나타냈으며 양이온 당량합(Y=0.095X+0.12, $r=0.894^{***}$)과 음이온의 당량합(Y=0.098X+0.033, $r=0.943^{***}$) 및 양이온과 음이온의 당량합(Y=0.053X+0.037, $r=0.965^{***}$)과 고도의 정의상관을 나타냈다. 지하수의 양이온 당량합은 EC 농도$(dS\;m^{-1}){\times}4.65$, 음이온 당량합은 지하수 EC 농도$(dS\;m^{-1}){\times}7.63$, 양이온 및 음이온의 당량합은 지하수 EC 농도$(dS\;m^{-1}){\times}11.1$의 관계가 있었다. 관비재배지 토양 양분의 과다비율은 pH 56.5%, OM 47.8%, $P_2O_5$ 95.7%, K 78.3%, Ca 87%, Mg 56.5% 및 EC 43.5%로 대부분 심각한 과잉상해를 나타냈으며, 지하수의 $pH(r=0.540^{**})$와 중탄산함량$(r=0.523^{**})$은 토양 pH와 고도의 정의상관을 나타냈으며 토양의 유기물 함량이 녹을수록 관비재배용 지하수의 EC 농도와 ${SO_4}^{2-}$ 함량과는 고도의 정의상관을 나타냈다.

Keywords

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