시판 빵 효모의 발효 특성 및 제빵성에 관한 연구

A Study on the Fermentative Abilities and Baking Properties of Commercial Yeast

  • 김원주 (성신여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 한영숙 (성신여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • 발행 : 2004.10.01

초록

이에 본 연구에서는 시판 국내외산 효모 11종을 구입하여 발효특성 및 제빵성을 비교하여 효모 생산사업의 향상을 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 효모의 $CO_2$ 생성량, 반죽 팽창력, maltose 발효력 등을 측정하였고, 무당ㆍ저당ㆍ고당 반죽에 적용시켜 발효력 측정 및 실제 빵을 제조하여 관능평가를 실시하였다. 또한 배양한 효모의 maltase activity와 freeze tolerance rate를 측정하여 균주 특성을 비교하였다. 이 균주들은 동정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Meissle 발효관을 이용하여 시판 빵효모가 저당반죽에서 3시간 동안 $CO_2$를 생성한 양을 측정한 결과 Y7이 가장 높은 값을 나타냈고, Y5와 Y4가 그 뒤를 이었다. M-Cylinder를 이용하여 측정한 11종의 효모의 반죽 팽창력은 Y7, Y4,. Y5 등의 순으로 $CO_2$ 생성량을 측정한 결과와 일치하여 우수 균주로 Y7을 선별하여 이하의 실험에 이용하였다. ASF 합성배지에서의 maltose 발효 능력은 Y5, Y7, Y4 등의 순으로 나타나 $CO_2$ 생성량, 반죽 팽창력과는 약간의 차이가 있었다. 이때 선별된 Y7에 대해 비교 균주로 국내산 효모 K의 반죽종류에 따른 발효력을 비교한 결과 Y7이 K보다 무당, 저당 반죽에서 더욱 우수한 것으로 나타났다. Y7과 K를 이용하여 바게트(무당빵), 식빵(저당빵), 모닝롤(고당빵)을 제조한 후 빵의 품질을 측정한 결과 바게트에서는 K의 용적이 Y7보다 많이 부풀었으며, 비용적도 조금 더 높았다. 그러나, 식빵에서는 Y7의 용적이 K에 비해 더 많이 부풀었으며, 비용적도 더 높아서 Y7이 식빵 제조에 더 적합한 것으로 보였다. 모닝롤에서는 K와 Y7의 용적, 비용적이 매우 유사하여 두 균주가 모두 모닝롤 제조에 적합한 것으로 생각되었다. 또한 이 빵들을 이용하여 관능평가한 결과 바게트의 전반적인 기호도는 K와 Y7이 동점으로 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 식빵은 외상의 모든 항목과 색에서 K가 높은 점수를 얻었다. 모닝롤은 외상의 껍질 색, 질, 두 항목에서 K가 더 높은 점수를 얻으며 유의적인 차이를 보였고, 전반적인 기호도에서는 또한 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다.

In this study, the author examined the fermentative abilities and baking properties of commercial baker's yeasts and suggested the fundamental data for the development of the yeast products industry. Carbon dioxide production, expansion abilities of doughs, and maltose fermentative abilities were measured with commercial yeasts. The fermentative abilities of various bread doughs were determined in comparison to a reference yeast and a selected yeast from commercial yeast. Various breads were prepared by these two yeasts and their sensory properties were evaluated. Y7, followed by Y5 and Y4, showed higher ability than any other commercial yeasts in the gassing power of the dough, as measured by a Meissle fermenter. In the expansion abilities of the doughs made from various yeasts by M-Cylinder, Y7, followed by Y4 and Y5, showed the best expansion ability the results were similar to those for gassing power. Therefore, Y7 was selected. The maltose fermentative abilities of various yeasts in Atkin's liquid medium showed a higher value in Y5, Y7 and Y 4. Selected yeast Y7 and the reference yeast K were used for determining the fermentative abilities of various bread doughs. For the various breads prepared by K and Y7, the qualities of the breads such as volume, weight and specific volume were measured. The volume by Y7 was higher in the straight dough bread, and that by K was higher in the sponge dough bread. In the sweet dough bread, both Y7 and K were excellent groups for it. Sensory properties of various breads made from K scored high on the items such as external properties and color in the straight dough bread. It also acquired a good score on the item of the crusts in the sweet dough bread. The overall acceptability of Y7 and K were similar.

키워드

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