A Study on the Fermentative Abilities and Baking Properties of Commercial Yeast

시판 빵 효모의 발효 특성 및 제빵성에 관한 연구

  • 김원주 (성신여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 한영숙 (성신여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2004.10.01

Abstract

In this study, the author examined the fermentative abilities and baking properties of commercial baker's yeasts and suggested the fundamental data for the development of the yeast products industry. Carbon dioxide production, expansion abilities of doughs, and maltose fermentative abilities were measured with commercial yeasts. The fermentative abilities of various bread doughs were determined in comparison to a reference yeast and a selected yeast from commercial yeast. Various breads were prepared by these two yeasts and their sensory properties were evaluated. Y7, followed by Y5 and Y4, showed higher ability than any other commercial yeasts in the gassing power of the dough, as measured by a Meissle fermenter. In the expansion abilities of the doughs made from various yeasts by M-Cylinder, Y7, followed by Y4 and Y5, showed the best expansion ability the results were similar to those for gassing power. Therefore, Y7 was selected. The maltose fermentative abilities of various yeasts in Atkin's liquid medium showed a higher value in Y5, Y7 and Y 4. Selected yeast Y7 and the reference yeast K were used for determining the fermentative abilities of various bread doughs. For the various breads prepared by K and Y7, the qualities of the breads such as volume, weight and specific volume were measured. The volume by Y7 was higher in the straight dough bread, and that by K was higher in the sponge dough bread. In the sweet dough bread, both Y7 and K were excellent groups for it. Sensory properties of various breads made from K scored high on the items such as external properties and color in the straight dough bread. It also acquired a good score on the item of the crusts in the sweet dough bread. The overall acceptability of Y7 and K were similar.

이에 본 연구에서는 시판 국내외산 효모 11종을 구입하여 발효특성 및 제빵성을 비교하여 효모 생산사업의 향상을 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 효모의 $CO_2$ 생성량, 반죽 팽창력, maltose 발효력 등을 측정하였고, 무당ㆍ저당ㆍ고당 반죽에 적용시켜 발효력 측정 및 실제 빵을 제조하여 관능평가를 실시하였다. 또한 배양한 효모의 maltase activity와 freeze tolerance rate를 측정하여 균주 특성을 비교하였다. 이 균주들은 동정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Meissle 발효관을 이용하여 시판 빵효모가 저당반죽에서 3시간 동안 $CO_2$를 생성한 양을 측정한 결과 Y7이 가장 높은 값을 나타냈고, Y5와 Y4가 그 뒤를 이었다. M-Cylinder를 이용하여 측정한 11종의 효모의 반죽 팽창력은 Y7, Y4,. Y5 등의 순으로 $CO_2$ 생성량을 측정한 결과와 일치하여 우수 균주로 Y7을 선별하여 이하의 실험에 이용하였다. ASF 합성배지에서의 maltose 발효 능력은 Y5, Y7, Y4 등의 순으로 나타나 $CO_2$ 생성량, 반죽 팽창력과는 약간의 차이가 있었다. 이때 선별된 Y7에 대해 비교 균주로 국내산 효모 K의 반죽종류에 따른 발효력을 비교한 결과 Y7이 K보다 무당, 저당 반죽에서 더욱 우수한 것으로 나타났다. Y7과 K를 이용하여 바게트(무당빵), 식빵(저당빵), 모닝롤(고당빵)을 제조한 후 빵의 품질을 측정한 결과 바게트에서는 K의 용적이 Y7보다 많이 부풀었으며, 비용적도 조금 더 높았다. 그러나, 식빵에서는 Y7의 용적이 K에 비해 더 많이 부풀었으며, 비용적도 더 높아서 Y7이 식빵 제조에 더 적합한 것으로 보였다. 모닝롤에서는 K와 Y7의 용적, 비용적이 매우 유사하여 두 균주가 모두 모닝롤 제조에 적합한 것으로 생각되었다. 또한 이 빵들을 이용하여 관능평가한 결과 바게트의 전반적인 기호도는 K와 Y7이 동점으로 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 식빵은 외상의 모든 항목과 색에서 K가 높은 점수를 얻었다. 모닝롤은 외상의 껍질 색, 질, 두 항목에서 K가 더 높은 점수를 얻으며 유의적인 차이를 보였고, 전반적인 기호도에서는 또한 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahan MS, Principle of cooking and food, Shinkwang publishing Co., 1999
  2. Hahn YS, Screening of freeze-tolerant baker's yeast and its mechanism of freeze-injury. Thesis for doctor degree, Nara Women's Univ., Japan, 1-26, 1990
  3. Marcri LJ, Balance GM and Larter EN, Factors affecting the breadmaking potential of four secondary hexaploid triticales. Cereal Chem., 63(3): 263-267, 1986
  4. Kim HJ, Lee JJ, Cheigh MC and Choi SY, Amylase, Protease, Peroxidase and Ascorbic Acid Oxidase Activity of Kimchi Ingredients KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL, 30(6): 1333-1338, 1998
  5. Miller MW, Yeasts, Prescott's and Dunn's Industrial Microbiology. 4th edition. G. Reed, ed. Avi Publ. Co., Westport, CT, 15-43, 1982
  6. Phaff HJ, Miller MW and Mrak EM, The Life of Yeasts. Harvard Univ. Press. Cambridge, MA, 16-28, 1978
  7. Spicer G, Schroeder R and Schollhammer K, Die Mikoflora des Sauerteiges. VIl. Untersuchen uber der Art der in Reinznchtsauran auftretanden hefe. Z. Lebenson. Unters. Forsch. 169.77, 1979 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01359511
  8. Reed G and Peppler HJ, Yeast Technology. Avi. Publ. Co., Westport, CT, 103-164, 1973
  9. White J, Yeast Technology. Chapman and Hall, London, England, 9-13, 1954
  10. Sugihara TF, Kline L and Miller MW, Microorganisms of the San Francisco sour dough bread process. I. Yeasts responsible for the leavening action. Appl. Microbiol, 21: 456, 1971
  11. Ando M, Yagishita K, Saito H, Shimada S and Tanaka Y, Resistance of yeast cells to freeze-thawing. Japanese J. Freezing and Drying, 29: 16, 1983
  12. Saito H, Shimala S, Nakatomi Y, Nagashima A and Tanaka Y, The mechanism of tolerance to freeze-thaw injury of yeast cells. Tech. Reports of the Japanese Yeast Industry Assoc., 52: 33, 1982
  13. Tanaka Y, Freezing damage of yeast in frozen dough. Japanese J. Freezing and Drying, 28: 83, 1982
  14. Windisch S and Schubert BA, Breeding of new yeasts for biscuit doughs. Gordian, 73 :288, 1973
  15. Bruinsma BL and Nagodawithana TW, The comparison of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Klyveromyces fragiIis yeasts m gas production, dough rheology and bread-making. Present at AACC Annual Meeting, Sept., Minneapolis, MN, 1984
  16. M, Ter-Sarkissian N, Ghavifek H, Ferguson T and Glasseni H, Microbiological aspects of Sangak bread. J. Food Science Technol. (Mysore), 14: 251, 1977
  17. G, Baked Goods. Biotechnology. Vol. 5H. J. Rehm and G. Reed, eds. Verlag Chemie, Deerfield Beach, FL, 1983
  18. W and Luksas AJ, Bread leavening yeast. U.S. patent no. 4, 292-330, 1981
  19. R and Margalith PZ, Interspecific protoplast fusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. meIlis. European J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 18: 320, 1983 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00500499
  20. S, Kowalskii S and Zamder I, Dough raising tests with hybrid yeasts. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. 3: 213, 1976 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01385436
  21. Japan Yeast Industry Association, Evaluation methods of baker's yeast, Japan Yeast Industry Association, Tokyo, 1, 1975
  22. Atkin L, Schultz AS and Frey CN, Cereal Chem., 22: 366, 1945
  23. Hino A, Takano H and Tanaka Y, New freeze-tolerant yeast for frozen dough preparations. Cereal Chem., 64: 269-275, 1987
  24. 식품과학과 산업, 관능검사 용어, 한국식품과학회지, 26(3), 65-58 (1993)
  25. M, Applied sensory analysis of foods, C.R.C. Press., Florida, 1: 43, 1988
  26. Duncan DB, Multiple range multiple F tests. Biometrics, 2, 1955
  27. パン用イ-ストについて.調理科學, 11(3): 141-155, 1978