Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Growth of Seeded Escherichia coli in Rewetted Cattle Waste Compost of Different Stages

  • Hanajima, D. (Pollution Control Laboratory, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science) ;
  • Kuroda, K. (Pollution Control Laboratory, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science) ;
  • Fukumoto, Y. (Pollution Control Laboratory, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science) ;
  • Haga, K. (Pollution Control Laboratory, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science)
  • Received : 2003.06.11
  • Accepted : 2003.10.11
  • Published : 2004.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Compost is used mainly as an organic fertilizer, but it is also used as bedding material for cattle. Dairy cattle have been identified as a main reservoir of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Further, E. coli is regarded as an environmental pathogen that causes bovine clinical mastitis. Hence, its growth in compost spread or compost bedding should be avoided. Physical and chemical conditions, available nutrients and microflora in compost change greatly during the composting process. Since pathogen growth in compost seems to be related to these changes, we assessed the possibility of E. coli growth in compost samples collected at 0, 7, 13, 22, 41, 190 and 360 d. Cattle waste composts with and without added tofu residue were collected from static piles and immediately air-dried. Compost samples were inoculated with a pure culture of E. coli, the moisture content was adjusted to 50%, and the samples were incubated for 5 d at $30^{\circ}C$. The numbers of E. coli in compost before and after incubation were determined by direct plating on Chromocult coliform agar. Almost all compost samples supported E. coli growth. Samples collected during or immediately after the thermophilic phase (day 7) showed the highest growth. Growth in samples more than 13 d old were not significantly different from those of aged compost samples. The addition of tofu residue gave a higher growth than its absence in younger samples collected prior to 13 d. To minimize the risk of environmental mastitis, the use of compost in the initial stage of the process is better avoided.

Keywords

References

  1. Alonso, J. L., A. Soriano, I. Amoros and M. A. Ferrus. 1998. Quantitative determination of E. coli and fecal coliforms in water using a chromogenic medium. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A 33:1229-1248.
  2. Byamukama, D., F. Kansiime, R. L. Mach and A. H. Farnleitner. 2000. Determination of Escherichia coli contamination with Chromocult coliform agar showed a high level of discrimination efficiency for differing fecal pollution levels in tropical waters of Kampala, Uganda. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:864-868.
  3. Epstein, E. 1997. Stability, maturity and phytotoxicity. In The Science of Composting. (Ed. E. Epstein). Technomic, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA, pp. 107-136.
  4. Frampton, E. W., L. Restaino and N. Blaszko. 1988. Evaluation of the $\beta$-glucuronidase substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-$\beta$-D-glucuronide (X-GLUC) in a 24 h direct plating method for Escherichia coli. J. Food Prot. 51:402-404.
  5. Golueke, C. G. 1983. Epidemiological aspects of sludge handling and management. Bio Cycle 24:50-58.
  6. Hancock, D. D., T. E. Besser, M. L. Kinsel, P. I. Tarr, D. H. Rice and M. G. Paros. 1994. The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy and beef cattle in Washington State. Epidemiol. Infect. 113:199-207.
  7. Hanajima, D., K. Kuroda and K. Haga. 2001. Enhancement of the thermophilic stage in cattle waste composting by addition of tofu residue. Biores. Technol. 78:213-216.
  8. Hogan, J. S., K. L. Smith, K. H. Hoblet, P. S. Schoenberger, D. A. Todhunter, W. D. Hueston, D. E. Pritchard, G. L. Bowman, L. E. Heider, B. L. Brockett and H. R. Conrad. 1989. Field survey of clinical mastitis in low somatic cell count herds. J. Dairy Sci. 72:1547-1556.
  9. Manafi, M. and W. Kneifel. 1989. A combined chromogenic fluorogenic medium for the simultaneous detection of total coliforms and E. coli in water. Zentbl. Hyg. Umweltmed. 189:225-234.
  10. Mathur, S. P., H. Dinel, G. Owen, M. Schnitzer and J. Dugan. 1993. Determination of compost biomaturity. II. Optical density of water extracts of composts as a reflection of their maturity. Biol. Agric. Hortic. 10:87-108.
  11. Millner, P. D., K. E. Powers, N. K. Enkiri and W. D. Burge. 1987. Microbial mediated growth suppression and death of Salmonella in composted sewage sludge. Microb. Ecol. 14:255-265.
  12. Russ, C. F. and W. A. Yanko. 1981. Factors affecting Salmonellae repopulation in composted sludges. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41:597-602.
  13. SAS Institute Inc. 1988. SAS User's Guide, Release 6.03. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA.
  14. Schukken, Y. H., F. J. Grommers and D. van de Geer. 1990. Risk factors for clinical mastitis in herds with a low bulk milk somatic cell count: 1. Data and risk factors for all cases. J. Dairy Sci. 73:3463-3471.
  15. Smith, K. L., D. A. Todhunter and P. S. Schoenberger. 1985. Symposium: Environmental effects on cow health and performance. J. Dairy Sci. 68:1531-1553.
  16. Soares, H. M., B. Cárdenas, D. Weir and M. S. Switzenbaum. 1995. Evaluating pathogen regrowth in biosolids compost. BioCycle 36:70-76.
  17. Wang, G., T. Zhao and M. P. Doyle. 1996. Fate of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bovine feces. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:2567-2570.

Cited by

  1. O Emission and Denitrifying Community vol.47, pp.13, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1021/es305293h
  2. Detection and Characterization of PCR-SSCP Markers of the Bovine Lactoferrin Gene for Clinical Mastitis vol.19, pp.10, 2006, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.1399