Air-Soil Partitioning of PCBs in Rural Area

  • Yeo, Hyun-Gu (Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Park, Min-Kyu (Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Chun, Man-Young (Department of Environmental Engineering, National Hankyong University) ;
  • Young, Sun-Woo (Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University)
  • Published : 2003.03.01

Abstract

The soil concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured at 12 sites in Ansung, Kyonggi province, Korea. Correlation coefficient (r) between total PCBs and organic matter content (OM) was significant (r=0.562, p< 0.05). It suggests that organic matter may be a key factor of soil absorption of PCBs. The PCB concentrations of low chlorinated congeners with high vapor pressure were relatively abundant in air but high chlorinated congeners with low vapor pressure were mainly dominated by soil. The results indicated the influence of physicochemical properties of PCBs such as vapor pressure, octanol - air partition coefficient ( $K_{OA}$ ). The calculated soil/air fugacity quotients suggested that the soil may be a source of heavier molecular PCBs (>penta-CBs) to the atmosphere, where lighter molecular PCBs appear to be affected by a movement from air to soil, especially tetra-CBs. Therefore, PCB homologs with low vapor pressure might have been influenced by revolatilization from soil.

Keywords

References

  1. Alcork, R.E., A.E. Johnston, S.P. McGarth, M.L. Berrow and K.C. Jones (1993) Long-Term Changes in the Polychlorinated Biphenyl Content of United Kingdom Soils, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 1918-1923
  2. Alcock, R.E., C.J. Halsall, and C.A. Harris (1994) Contamination of Environmental Samples Prpared for PCB Anaysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 1838-1842
  3. Cousins, I.T. and K.C. Jones (1998) Air-Soil Exchange of Semi-volatile Organic Compounds (SOCs) in the UK, Environmental Pollution, 102, 105-118
  4. Duarte-Davidson, R., A. Sewart, R.E. Alcock, I.T. Cousins, and K.C. Jones (1997) Exploring the Balance between Sources, Deposition, and the Environmental Burden of PCDD/Fs in the U.K., Terrestrial Environment: an Aid to Identifying Uncertainties and Research Needs, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 1-11
  5. Fries, G.F. (1995) A Review of the Significance of Animal Food-Products as Potential Pathways of Human Exposure to Dioxin, Journal of Animal Science, 73, 1639-1650
  6. Hamer, T., D. Mackay, and K.C. Jones (1995) Model of the Logn-term Exchnge of PCB between Soil and the Atmosphere in the Southern UK, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 1200-1209
  7. Harrad, S.J., A. Sewart, and R.E. Alcock (1995) Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the British Environment Sinks, Sources, and temporal trends, Environmental Pollution, 88, 91-108
  8. Hippelein, M. (1997) PhD Thesis
  9. Hippelein M. and M.S. McLachlan (1998) Soil/Air Partitioning of Semivolatile Organic Compounds, Part 2: Method Development and Influence of Physical-Chemical Properties, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 310-316
  10. Ian, T.C., G. Bondi, and C.J. Kevin (1997) Measuring and Modelling the Vertical Distribution of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in Soils. $^{2}:$ PCB and PAH Soil Core Data, Chemosphere, 39, 2507-2518
  11. Jones, K.C. (1994) Observations on Long-term Air-Soil exchange of Organic Contaminants, Environmental Science Pollution Researches Institute, 1, 171-177
  12. Spencer, W.F. and M.M. Cliath (1973) Pesticide Volatilisation as Related to Water Loss from Soil, J. Environ. Qual., 2, 284-289
  13. Karickhoff, S.W. (1981) Semi-empirical Estimation of Sorption of Hydrophobic Pollutants on Natural Sediments and Soils, Chemosphere, 10, 833-849
  14. Lancaster Unversity (1999) PCB QA/QC Protocol-Second Draft
  15. Lead, W.A., E. Steinnes, and K.C. Jones (1996) Atmospheric Depostion o fPCBs to Moss (Hylocomium splendens) in Norway between 1977 and 1990, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 524-530.
  16. Mackay, D., W.Y. Shiu, and K.C. Ma (1992a) Illustrated Handbook of Physical-chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organci Chemicals, Vol. 1, Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons, Chlorobenezens and PCBs, Cheisea/MI: Lewis Publishers
  17. McLachlan, M.S. (1996) Bioaccumulation of Hydrophobic Chemicals in Agricultural Food Chain, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 252-259
  18. Wania, F. and D. Mackay (1993) Global Fractionation and Cold Condensation of Low Volatility Organochlorine Compounds in Polar Regions, Ambio, 10-18
  19. Wendy, A., A.J. Ockenden, H.F. Sweetman, E.S. Prest, and C.J. Kevin (1998) Toward an Understanding of the Global Atmospheric Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants: The Use of Semipermeable Membrane Devices as Time-Integrated Passive Sampler, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 2795-2803
  20. Wild, S.R. and K.C. Jones (1995) Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the United Kingdom environment: a Preliminary Source Inventory and Budget, Environmental Pollution, 88, 91-108