Effect of Milk Vetch Utilization Rice Cultivation to Reduce Application Amount of Nitrogen at Plowing Time in Paddy Field

자운영 후작(後作) 벼 재배시(栽培時) 경운시기별(耕耘時期別) 질소시비량(窒素施肥量) 절감효과(節減效果)

  • Received : 2002.07.06
  • Accepted : 2002.09.06
  • Published : 2002.12.30

Abstract

This study was carried out to find out the effect of Milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.) on growth, and yield of rice, physicochemical properties of soil, reduction rate of nitrogen fertilization, and soil improvement under the different plowing time with Milk vetch cultivated in paddy field, plowing at maximum blooming, last blooming, fruiting stages. The fresh weight of Milk vetch at each plowing time of maximum blooming, last blooming and fruiting stage was 22,500, 20,000, $12,500kg\;ha^{-1}$ respectively. Content of total nitrogen at three plowing times was 2.95, 2.66, and 2.47% and the C/N ratio were 15.7, 18.0, and 19.2, respectively. Physico-chemical properties of soil were improved in cultivated milk vetch, the content of T-N. OM and porosity ratio were increased while the content of $P_2O_5$ and bulk density, solidphase ratio were decreased compared to noncultivated milk vetch. Content of $NH_4-N$ in soil was highest plowing at maximum blooming stage and appeared an increasing tendency according to increased nitrogen level. Amount of nitrogen fertilizer by rice was highest plowing at maximum blooming stage and appeared an increasing tendency according to increased nitrogen level. Nitrogen-use efficiency was high in $33kg\;ha^{-1}$ nitrogen level at three plowing times. The number of spikelets per $m^2$ was high in plowing at maximum blooming stage, last blooming stage and the percentage of ripeness was high in fruiting stage of milk vetch. So the rice yield was increased 9%, 8% in $55kg\;ha^{-1}$ nitrogen level plowing at maximum blooming stage, last blooming stage and 1% in $77kg\;ha^{-1}$ nitrogen level plowing at fruiting stage compared to conventional cultivation.

자운영재배 논의 경운시기에 따른 질소시비량 절감 및 토양개선효과를 구명하기 위하여 자운영을 개화성기, 개화종기 및 결실기에 경운하고 기계이앙재배시 질소수준이 벼의 생육, 수량 및 토양의 이화학적특성에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 자운영 경운시기의 생초중은 각각 ha 당 22,500, 20,000, 12,500 kg이였고 건물중에 있어서 전질소함량은 2.95, 2.66, 2.47%이였으며 탄질율은 15.7, 18.0, 19.2이였다. 자운영 재배 및 시용후 토양중 전질소, 유기물함량은 높아지고 유효인산함량은 낮아져 화학성이 개량되었으며 용적밀도, 고상율은 낮아지고 공극율이 증대되어 물리성이 개선되었다. 경운 시기별 토양 중 $NH_4-N$ 함량은 개화성기 > 개화종기 > 결실기 순으로 분얼기에 가장 높았고 질소수준이 높을수록 많았으며 관행에 비하여 생육후기까지 높게 발현되었다. 자운영 후작벼 재배시 성숙기 수수 확보가 많아 유효경비율이 높고 수도체중 전질소함량은 질소수준이 높을수록 많아져 관행에 비하여 엽색수치가 높았다. 질소흡수량은 개화성기 > 개화종기 > 결실기 순으로, 질소수준이 높을수록 많았고 질소이용률은 $33kg\;ha^{-1}$ (70% 절감)시 높았다. 자운영을 개화성기 및 개화종기에 경운시 $m^2$당영화수 확보가 많았으며 개화종기 및 결실기 경운시 등숙비율이 높아졌다. 쌀 수량은 개화성기 및 개화종기 경운시 5,770, $5,580kg\;ha^{-1}$로 질소수준 $55kg\;ha^{-1}$(50%절감)에서 관행에 비하여 각각 9%, 8% 증수되었고 결실기 경운시 $5,120kg\;ha^{-1}$로 질소수준 $77kg\;ha^{-1}$(30% 절감)에서 1% 증수되었다.

Keywords

References

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