Comparison of Filtering Abilities of Korean Freshwater Bivalves and Their Filtering Effects on Water Quality

국내 담수산 조개의 섭식활동이 호수 수질에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Ho-Sub (Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Choi, Kwang-Hyun (Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Park, Jung-Hwan (Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Shin, Jae-Ki (Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Hwang, Soon-Jin (Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Konkuk University)
  • 김호섭 (건국대학교 지역건설환경공학과) ;
  • 최광현 (건국대학교 지역건설환경공학과) ;
  • 박정환 (건국대학교 지역건설환경공학과) ;
  • 신재기 (건국대학교 지역건설환경공학과) ;
  • 황순진 (건국대학교 지역건설환경공학과)
  • Published : 2002.06.29

Abstract

This study was conducted to compare filtering abilities of three species of freshwater mussels (Cobicula fluminea, Corbicula leana and Unio douglasiae) and to evaluate their filter feeding effects on water quality change in experimental enclosure systems. Mussel feeding in both laboratory and enclosure resulted in decrease of particulate material, such as chlorophyll, total P, SS. In the treatment with 600 individuals of mussels, chllorophyll concentration and net primary productivity decreased from $87.3{\pm}4.5\;{\mu}g/L$ and $106.3{\pm}8.8\;{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}\;hr^{-1}$ to nearly the same level as the mussel-free enclosure ($25.0{\pm}0.5\;{\mu}g/L$ and $15.6{\pm}13.3\;{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}\;hr^{-1}$, respectively)(P< 0.05, n = 6, ANOVA). In concert with the decrease of chlorophyll concentration, not only was the transparency enhanced from 0.48 m to 1.2m but also the suspended solids and total phosphorus decreased from $22.0{\pm}1.0\;mg/L$ to $7.5{\pm}0.5\;mg/L$ and $133{\pm}0.8\;{\mu}g/L$ to $70{\pm}0.0\;{\mu}g/L$, respectively (P<0.001, $r^2$>0.71, n = 11). Although slight decrease of SRP concentration and the increase of inorganic nitrogen ($NH_3-N$ and $NO_2-N$) were observed in the mussel addition enclosure, there was no statistical difference between two enclosures. Based on the filtering rate on phytoplankton and nutrient release rate in forms of feces and pseudofeces, Corbicula leana appeared to be the most efficient filter-feeder among three mussel species. These results inidicate that Cobicula play an important role in controlling particulate sestons and thus it could be applied as a biocontroler for the water quality management in lakes and reservoirs with algal blooms.

본 연구는 담수산 조개 종간의 여과능력과 실험적으로 조성된 인공연못에서 조개의 여과섭식이 수질에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 이루어졌다. 실내 실험과 인공연못에서의 섭식실험 모두에서 조개에 의한 엽록소, 총인, 부유물질과 같은 입자성 물질의 감소가 관찰되었다. 600개체의 조개가 투입된 처리구에서, 엽록소 농도와 순 1차 생산력은 $87.3{\pm}4.5\;{\mu}g/L$$106.3{\pm}8.8\;{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}\;hr^{-1}$에서 대조구와 거의 동일한 수준인 $25.0{\pm}0.5\;{\mu}g/L$$15.6{\pm}13.3\;{\mu}gC\;L^{-1}\;hr^{-1}$까지 감소하였다(P<0.05, n = 6, ANOVA). 엽록소 농도의 감소와 동시에, 투명도는 0.48m에서 1.2m까지 향상되었고, 부유물질과총인 농도는 각각 $22.0{\pm}1.0\;mg/L$에서 $7.5{\pm}0.5\;mg/L$, $133{\pm}0.8\;{\mu}g/L$에서 $7.5{\pm}0.0\;{\mu}g/L$까지 감소하였다 (P<<0.001,$r^2$>0.71,n = 11).비록 처리구에서 SRP농도의 약간의 감소와 무기질소($NH_3-N$, $NO_2-N$)의 증가가 관찰되었다 하더라도, 대조구의 농도와 비교할 때 유의적인차이는 없었다. 식물플랑크톤에 대한 여과율과 섭식과정 중에 feces와 pseudofeces와 같은 형태로의 영양염 배출율을 고려할 때, Corbicula leana가 가장 효과적인 여과섭식자였다. 이러한 결과들은 Corbicula가 입자성물질을 조절함에 있어 중요한 역할을 수행하며, 조류가 대량 발생하는 호소의 수질관리를 위해 생물학적 수질조절자로서 적용할 수 있음을 제시한다.

Keywords

References

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