A comparison of user perception between text-based and avatar-based chatting

온라인 채팅에서 아바타의 도입이 매체에 대한 사용자의 인지에 미치는 영향

  • Published : 2002.12.31

Abstract

This study compares avatar-based chatting and text-based chatting. The comparison focuses on the effect of different chatting methods on user perception such as flow, social presence, and media richness. Especially the effects of avatar are examined across varying task types-work-oriented and fun-oriented. To accomplish this objective, a laboratory experiment was conducted using 80 experienced subjects. The results indicate that avatar-based chatting was more playfulness than text-based chatting in general. However, the effects of chatting methods on user perception were quite different according to the task types. There was no significant difference between avatar-based chatting and text-based chatting in the fun-oriented task, but avatar-based chatting was perceived as a more playful, focused, telepresent, and social present method in the work-oriented task.

Keywords

References

  1. 배상현, '이용자의 참여 동기가 가상공동체 의식 및 충성도에 미치는 영향,' 연세대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문, 2001
  2. 서길수, '과업의 특성과 매체 경험이 인지된 매체 풍요도와 사회적 존재성에 미치는 영향,' 경영정보학연구, 제8권, 제3호, 1998
  3. 양재호, 이현규, 서길수, '텍스트매체 사용에 있어 매체 경험이 매체 인지와 의사소통 과정에 미치는 영향,' 경영정보학연구, 한국경영정보학회, 제9권, 제3호, 1999, pp. 123
  4. 여명숙, '사이버스페이스의 존재론과 그 심리철학적 함축,' 이화여대 철학과 박사학위논문, 1999
  5. 우상옥, '공유 가상환경에서 아바타 인식을 위한 커뮤니케이션 모델에 관한 연구,' 연세대학교 대학원 석사학위논문, 2000
  6. 정기도, 나, 아바타 그리고 자장세계, 책세상, 2000
  7. 채서일, 사회과학 조사방법론, 학현사, 1997
  8. 최광식, '웹 기반 채팅 인터페이스 차이에 따른 이용자들의 커뮤니케이션 경험 비교 연구,‘ 연세대학교 대학원 석사학위논문, 2000
  9. 최세경, '소비 문학적 현상으로서 네트워크 게임 연구: 들뢰즈의 욕망론을 중심으로,' 성균관 대학교 석사논문, 2000
  10. 황용석, '웹 이용 과정에서 플로우(flow) 형성에 관한 이론적 모델 연구, AMOS를 이용한 구조 방정식 모델의 구축,‘ 성균관대학교 대학원 박사학위논문, 1999
  11. Biocca, F., 'The Cyborg's Dillemma: Progressive Embodiment in Virtual Environments,' Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(2), 1997, http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol3/ issue2/biocca2.html
  12. Csikszentmihalyi, M., Beyond boredom and anxiety, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1975
  13. Cassell, J. and Vilhjalmsson, H., 'Fully Embodied Conversational Avatars: Making Communicative Behaviors Autonomous,' Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 2, 1999, pp. 45-64 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010027123541
  14. Daft, R.L. and Lengel, R.H., 'Information Richness: A New Approach to Managerial Behavior and Organization Design,' Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 6, 1984, pp. 191-233
  15. Daft, R.L., Lengel, R.H. and Trevino, L.K., 'Message Equivocality, Media Selection and Manager Performance: Implications for Information Systems,' MIS quarterly, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1987, pp. 355-366 https://doi.org/10.2307/248682
  16. Damer, B., Avatars!: Exploring and Building Virtual Worlds on the Internet, Berkely, CA: Peschpit Press, 1998
  17. Dietz-Uhler, B. and Bishop-Clark, C. 'The Use of Computer-mediated Communication to Enhance Subsequent Face-to-face Discussions,' Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 2001, pp. 269-283 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(01)00006-1
  18. Donath, J., Karahalios, K. and Viegas, F., 'Visualizing Conversation,' JCMC, Vol. 4, Issue 4. June, 1999, http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol4/issue4/donath.html
  19. Dyer, R., Green, R., Pitts, M. and Millward, G., 'What's the flaming problem? CMC deindividuation or disinhibiting?' in M.A.R. Kirby, A.J. Dix & J.E. Finlay(Eds.), People and Computers X. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995
  20. Fulk, J., C.W. Steinfield, J. Schmitz and J. G. Power, 'Social Information Processing Model of Media Use in Organizations,' Communication Research, 14(5), 1987, pp. 350-369
  21. Garton, L. and Wellman, B., 'Social impacts of electronic mail in organizations: a review of the research literature,' in B.R. Burleson (Ed.), Communication Yearbook 18, c, CA: Sage, 1995, pp. 434-453
  22. Hoffman, D.L. and Novak, T.P., 'Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments: Conceptual Foundations,' Journal of Marketing, 60, July1996, pp. 50-68 https://doi.org/10.2307/1251841
  23. Huang, W., Wei, K.K., Watson, R.T., Lim, L.H. and Bostrom, R., 'Transforming a Lean CMC Medium into a Rich One: An Empirical Investigation in Small Groups,' Proceedings of International Conference on Information Systems, Cleveland, Ohio, 1996, pp. 265-277
  24. Joinson, A.N., 'Anonymity, Disinhibition, and Social Desirability on the Internet,' Paper presented at the BPS Social Section Annual Conference, University of Sussex, England, 1997
  25. Joinson, A.N., 'Causes and Implications of Disinhibited Behavior on the Internet,' in S. Kiesler(Ed.), Culture of the Internet, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1998, pp. 43-59
  26. Kiesler, S., Preface in S. Kiesler(Ed.), Culture of the Internet, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1997, pp. ix-xvi
  27. Kiesler, S., Siegel, J. and McGuire, T.W., 'Social Psychological Aspects of Computer Mediated Communication,' American Psychologist, 39, 1984, pp. 1123-1134 https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.39.10.1123
  28. Kim, A.J., Community Building on the Web - Secret Strategies for Successful Online Communities, Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press, 2000
  29. Kinney, S.T. and Dennis, A., 'Reevaluating Media Richness: Cues, Feedback, and Task,' Proceedings of the 27th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Vol. 4, 1994, pp. 21-30
  30. Kinney, S.T. and Watson, R.T., 'The Effect of Medium and Task on Dyadic Communication,' Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Information Systems, 1992, pp. 107-117
  31. Novak T.P. and Hoffman, D.L., 'Measuring the Flow Experience Among Web Users,' 1997, http://www2000.ogsm.vanderbilt.edu/novak/flow.july.1997/ flow.htm
  32. Novak, T.P., Hoffman, D.L. and Yung, Y. F., 'Modeling the Flow Construct in Online Environments: A Structural Modeling Approach,' forthcoming, Marketing Science, 1998, http://ecornmerce.vanderbilt.edu/papers/flow.construct.measuring_flow_construct.html
  33. Rice, R.E. and Shook, D.E., 'Relationships of Job Categories and Organizational Levels to Use of Communication Channels, Including Electronic Mail: A Meta-Analysis and Extension,' Journal of Management Studies, 27(2), March 1990, pp. 195-229 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1990.tb00760.x
  34. Short, J., Ederyn Williamns and Btuce Christie, The Social Psychology of Telecommunications, John Wiley & Sons, 1976
  35. Suh, K.S. 'Impact of Communication Medium on Task Performance and Satisfaction: an Examination of Media-Richness Theory,' Information and Management, Vol. 35, May 1999, pp. 1-18 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00071-8
  36. Trevino, L.K. and Webster, J., 'Flow in Computer-Mediated Communication: Electronic Mail and Voice Mail Evaluation and Impacts,' Communication Research, Vol. 19, No. 5, 1992, pp. 539-573 https://doi.org/10.1177/009365092019005001
  37. Valacich, J.S., Mennecke, B.E., Wachter, R.M. and Wheeler, B.C., 'Extensions to Media Richness Theory: A Test of the Task-Media Fit Hypothesis,' Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1994, pp. 11-20
  38. Webster, J. and Martocchio, J.J., 'Microcomputer Playfulness; Development of a Measure With Workplace Implications,' MIS Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 2, June 1992, pp. 201-226 https://doi.org/10.2307/249576
  39. Webster, J., Trevino, L.K. and Ryan, L., 'The Dimensionality and Correlates of Flow in Human Computer Interactions,' Computer in Human Behavior, Vol. 9, No. 4, winter 1993, p. 412