참고문헌
- Kakehashi S. Stanley HR, Fitzgerald RJ. The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral Med & Oral Pathol 20:340-349, 1965 https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(65)90166-0
- Bystrom A. Sundqvist G. Bacteriologic evaluation of the efficacy of mechanical root canal instrumentation in endodontic therapy. Scand J Dent Res 89:32-38, 1981
- Bystrom A, Sundqvist G, The antibacterial action of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA in 60 cases of endodontic therapy. Int Endod J 18:35-40, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1985.tb00416.x
- Siqueira JF Jr, Machado AG, Silveira RM, Lopes HP, Uzeda M. Evaluation of the effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite used with three irrigation methods in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis from the root canal. Int Endod J 30:279-282, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1997.tb00708.x
- Bystrom A, Claesson R, Sundqvist G. The antibacterial effect of camphorated paramonochlorophenol, camphorated phenol and calcium hydroxide in the treatment of infected root canals. Endod Dent Traumatol 1:170-175, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1985.tb00652.x
- Hasselgren G, Olsson B, Cvek M. Effects of calcium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite in the dissolution of necrotic porcine muscle tissue. J Endod 14:125-127, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(88)80212-7
- Andersen M, Lund A. Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM. In vitro solubility of human pulp tissue in calcium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite. Endod Dent TraumatoI 8:104-108, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1992.tb00445.x
- Tronstad L. Root resorption - etiology, terminology and clinical manifestations. Endod Dent Traumatol 4:241-252, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1988.tb00642.x
- Foreman PC, Barnes F. A review of calcium Hydroxide. Int Endod J 23:283-297, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1990.tb00108.x
- Heithersay GS. Calcium hydroxide in the treatment of pulpless teeth with associated pathology. J Br Endod Soc 8:74-93, 1975 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1975.tb01000.x
- Fava LR, Saunders WP. Calcium hydroxide pastes: classification and clinical indications. Int Endod J 32(4):257-282, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.1999.00232.x
- Siqueira JF Jr. Lopes HP. Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide: a critical review. Int Endod J 32:361-369, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.1999.00275.x
- Safavi KE, Nichols FC. Effect of calcium hydroxide on bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J Endod 19:76-78, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81199-4
- Mattsby-Baltzer I, Lindgren K, Lindholm B, Edebo L. Endotoxin shedding by enterobacteria: free and cellbound endotoxin differ in Limulus activity. Inf & Immun 59:689-695, 1991
- Bystrom A, Happonen RP. Sjogren U, Sundqvist G. Healing of periapical lesions of pulpless teeth after endodontic treatment with controlled asepsis. Endod Dent TraumatoI 3(2):58-63, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1987.tb00543.x
- Orstavik D, Kerekes K, Molven O. Effects of extensive apical reaming and calcium hydroxide dressing on bacterial infection during treatment of apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 24:1-7, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1991.tb00863.x
- Rietschel ET. Kirikae T, Schade FU, Mamat U, Schmidt G, Loppnow H, Ulmer AJ, Zahringer U, Seydel U, Di Padova F, et al. Bacterial endotoxin: molecular relationships of structure to activity and function. FASEB J 8(2):217-225, 1994
- Morrison DC, Ryan JL. Endotoxin and disease mechanisms. Ann Rev Med 38:417-432, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.38.020187.002221
- Niwa M, Milner KC, Ribi E, Rudbach JA. Alteration of physical, chemical and biological properties of endotoxin by treatment with mild alkali. J Bacteriol 97:1069-1077, 1969
- Wang CY, Stashenko P. Kinetics of bone-resorbing activity in developing periapical lesions. J Dent Res 70:1362-1366, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345910700100901
- Le J, Vilcek J. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 : Cytokines with multiple overlapping biological activities. Laboratory Investigation 56:234-248, 1987
-
Nguyen L, Dewhirst FE, Hauschka PV, Stashenko P. : Interleukin 1
$\beta$ stimulates bone resorption and inhibits bone formation in vivo. Lymphokine Cytokine Res 10:15-21, 1990 - Lloyd AR, Oppenheim JJ. Poly's lament: the neglected role of the polymorphonuclear neutrophil in the afferent limb of the immune response. Immunol Today 13:169-172, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(92)90121-M
- Cassatella MA. The production of cytokines by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Immunol Today 16(1):21-26, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(95)80066-2
- Buck RA, Cai J, Eleazer PD, Staat RH, Hurst HE. Detoxification of endotoxin by endodontic irrigants and calcium hydroxide. J Endod 27(5):325-327, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200105000-00003
- Safavi KE, Nichols FC. Alteration of biological properties of bacterial lipopolysaccharide by calcium hydroxide treatment. J Endod 20:127-129, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)80057-9
-
Barthel CR, Levin LG, Reisner HM, Trope M. TNF-
$\alpha$ release in monocytes after exposure to calcium hydroxide treated Escherichia coli LPS. Int Endod J 30: 155-159, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1997.tb00690.x - Sundqvist G. Prevalence of black-pigmented bacteroides species in root canal infections. J Endod 15:13-19, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(89)80092-5
- Haapasalo M, Ranta H, Ranta K, Shah H. Black-pigmented bacteroides spp. in human apical periodontitis. Inf & Immun 53:149-153, 1986
- Baumgartner JC, Falkler WA. Bacteria in the apical 5mm of infected root canals. J Endod 17:380-383, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81989-8
- Hashioka K, Yamasaki M, Nakane A, Horiba N, Nakamura H. The relationship between clinical symptoms and anaerobic bacteria from infected root canals. J Endod 18:558-561. 1992 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81214-8
-
Ko HJ, Lim SS. Effects of Porphyromonas endodontalis lipopolysaccharide on IL-1
$\beta$ , TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1ra production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PhD thesis. Dept. of Conservative Dentistry. Seoul National University, Korea, 2001 - Westphal O. Jann K. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides : extraction with phenol-water and further applications of the procedure. Methods Carbohydr Chem 5:83-91, 1965 https://doi.org/10.1080/07328308608082645
- Koga T. Nishihara T. Fujiwara T. Nisizawa T, Okahashi N, Noguchi T. Hamada S. Biochemical and immunobiological properties of lipopolysaccharide from Bacteroides gingivalis and comparison with LPS from Escheria coli. Infect Immun 47(3):638-647, 1985
- Pitts DL, Williams BL, Morton TH Jr. Investigation of the role of endotoxin in periapical inflammation. J Endod 8(1):10-18, 1982 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(82)80310-5
- Sjogren U. Figdor D. Spangberg L. Sundqvist G. The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as a shortterm intracanal dressing. Int Endod J 24(3):119-125, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1991.tb00117.x
- Stuart KG, Miller CH, Brown CE Jr, Newton CW. The comparative antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 72(1):101-104, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(91)90198-L
- Lim SS. 임상근관치료학. 의치학사, Korea 123, 1994
- Martin DM. Crabb HS. Calcium hydroxide in root canal therapy. A review. Br Dent J 142(9):277-283, 1977 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4803904
- Munford RS, Hall CL. Detoxification of bacterial lipopolysaccharides(endotoxins) by a human neutrophil enzyme. Science 234:203-205. 1986 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3529396
- Nilsen R. Johannessen AC, Skaug N, Matre R. In situ characterization of mononuclear cells in human dental periapical inflammatory lesions using monoclonal antibodies. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 58:160-165, 1984 https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(84)90131-2
- Stern MH, Dreizen S, Mackler BF. Levy BM. Isolation and characterization of inflammatory cells from the human periapical granuloma. J Dent Res 61:1408-1412, 1982 https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345820610120601
- Yu SM. Stashenko P. Identification of inflammatory cells in developing rat periapical lesions. J Endod 13:535-540, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(87)80033-X
- Stashenko P. Role of immune cytokines in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions. Endod Dent Traumatol 6:89-95, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1990.tb00400.x
-
Ko HJ, Chung KH, Lim SS. Tissue levels of IL-1
$\alpha$ , IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-$\alpha$ in pulpal and periapical pathosis. J Kor Aca Cons Dent 23(1):316-327, 1998 -
Byun HY, Lim SS. Park DS. Levels of TNF-
$\alpha$ ,-$\beta$ . IL-$\beta$ . TGF-$\beta$ 1 and their relationship with the presence of specific black pigmented bacteria in periapical and pulpal diseases. J Kor Aca Cons Dent 24(1):1-12. 1999 -
Gong HG, Park DS, Lim SS. Levels of IL-1 and TNF-
$\alpha$ in odontogenic cyst & cystic fluid. J Kor Aca Cons Dent 24(1):49-54. 1999 - Ogura N, Shibata Y, Kamino Y, Matsuda U, Hayakawa M. Oikawa T, Takiguchi H, Izumi H, Abiko Y. Stimulation of interleukin-6 production of periodontal ligament cells by Porphyromonas endodontalis lipopolysaccharide. Biochem Med Metab Biol 53(2):130-136, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1006/bmmb.1994.1068
- Hosoya S. Matsushima K, Ohbayashi E, Yamazaki M, Shibata Y. Abiko Y. Stimulation of interleukin-1beta-independent interleukin-6 production in human dental pulp cells by lipopolysaccharide. Biochem Mol Med 59(2):138-143, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1006/bmme.1996.0079
- Hosoya S, Matsushima K. Stimulation of interleukin-1 beta production of human dental pulp cells by Porphyromonas endodontalis lipopolysaccharide. J Endod 23(1):39-42, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(97)80205-1
- Hofstad T, Skaug N, Sveen K, Stimulation of B lymphocytes by LPS from anaerobic bacteria. Clin Inf Dis 16(suppl.4):S200-202. 1993
-
Yoshimura A, Hara Y. Kaneko T. Kato I. Secretion of IL-1
$\beta$ , TNF-$\alpha$ , IL-8 and IL-1 ra by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in response to lipopolysaccharides from periodontopathic bacteria. J Periodont Res 32:279-286. 1997 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1997.tb00535.x - Matsushita K, Tajima T, Tomita K, Takada H, Nagaoka S, Torii M. Inflammatory cytokine production and specific antibody responses to lipopolysaccharide from endodontopathic black-pigmented bacteria in patients with multilesional periapical periodontitis. J Endod 25:795-799, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(99)80299-4
- Hanazawa S, Sagiya T, Kitami H, Ohta K, Nishikawa H, Kitano S. Monoclonal antibody against Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) endodontalis lipopolysaccharide and application of the antibody for direct identification of the species. J Clin MicrobioI 29(11):2550-2553. 1991
- Eidhin DN, Mouton C. A rapid method for preparation of rough and smooth lipopolysaccharide from Bacteroides, Porphyromonas and Prevotella. FEMS Microbial Lett 110(2):133-138, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06309.x
- Kim JH, Kim MK. Yoon SH. Effects of Porphyromonas endodontalis lipopolysaccharide on membrane permeability of fibroblast. J Kor Aca Cons Dent 24(3):437-446, 1999
- Schein B, Schilder J. Endotoxin content in endodontically involved teeth. J Endod 1:19-21. 1975
- Horiba N, Maekawa Y, Abe Y. Ito M. Matsumoto T, Nakamura H. Correlations between endotoxin and clinical symptoms or radiolucent areas in infected root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 71(4):492-495, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(91)90438-I
- Schonfeld SE, Greening AB, Glick DH, Frank AL, Simon JH, Herles SM. Endotoxic activity in periapical lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 53(1):82-87, 1982 https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(82)90491-1
- Yamasaki M, Nakane A, Kumazawa M, Hashioka K, Horiba N. Nakamura H. Endotoxin and gram-negative bacteria in the rat periapical lesions. J Endod 18(10):501-504, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81351-8
- Sweadner KJ, Forte M. Nelsen LL. Filtration removal of endotoxin(pyrogens) in solution in different states of aggregation. Appl Environ Microbilo 34:382-385, 1977