Toxicological Research

Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society (한국독성학회)
권호 표지

The Safety Evaluation of a Potent Antioxidant, Fructose 1,6-diphosphate(FDP), for the Skin Application

항산화력이 우수한 Fructose 1,6-diphosphate(FDP)를 피부적용제로 응용하기 위한 안전성 평가

  • 김배환 (태평양기술연구원 의약건강연구소) ;
  • 이병석 (태평양기술연구원 의약건강연구소) ;
  • 정경미 (태평양기술연구원 의약건강연구소) ;
  • 안수미 (태평양기술연구원 의약건강연구소) ;
  • 안수선 (태평양기술연구원 의약건강연구소) ;
  • 심영철 (태평양기술연구원 의약건강연구소)
  • Published : 2002.09.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Fructose 1,6-diphosphate(FDP), a glycolytic metabolite, is reported to ameliorate inflammation and inhibit the nitric oxide production in murine macrophages stimulated with endotoxin. It is also reported that FDP has cytoprotective effects against hypoxia or ischemia/reperfusion injury in brain and heart, and may play a protective role in ultraviolet B (UVB, 280~320 nm)-injured keratinocyte by attenuating prostaglandin (PG)-E$_2$production and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression, which are possibly through blocking the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Therefore FDP is considered to act as a potent antioxidant especially in the skin. We conducted the several safety tests (single-dose toxicity, primary skin irritation test, eye irritation test, skin sensitization test, phototoxicity test, photosenitization test and human patch test) to see if FDP is safe in case used for the skin application. Our data obtained hitherto suggest that FDP is very safe if applied to the skin.

Keywords

References

  1. J. Neurochem. v.66 Assessment of the role of the glutathione and pentose phosphate pathways in the protection of primary cerebrocortical cultures from oxidative stress Ben-yoseph,O.;Boxer,P.;Ross,B. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66062329.x
  2. CTFA Safety Testing Guideline
  3. Appraisal of the Safety of Chemical in Foods, Drugs and Cosmetics Draiz,J.H.
  4. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. v.243 Induction of nitric oxide synthase in macrophages: inhibition by fructose-1,6-diphosphate Edde,L.;Zhou,X.;Eaton,J.W.;Sherman,M.P. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1998.8163
  5. Mol. Cell. Biochem. v.210 Membrane permeability of fructose-1,6-diphosphate in lipid vesicles and endothelial cells Ehringer,W.D.;Niu,W.;Chiang,B.;Wang,O.L.;Gordon,L.;Chien,S. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007059214754
  6. Anesthesiology v.88 Fructose-1,6-diphosphate preserves adenosine triphosphate but not intracellular PH during hypoxia in respiring neonatal rat brain slices Espanol,M.T.;Litt,L.;Hasegawa,K.;Chang,L.;Macdonald,J.M.;Gregory,G.;James,T.L.;Chan,P.H.
  7. Contact Dermatitis v.20 Contact photoallergy testing of sunscreens in guinea pigs Gerberick,G.F.;Cindy,A. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03141.x
  8. Guidelines for the testing of chemical substance Guidelines for the testing of chemical substance
  9. Biochemistry v.34 Compartmentation of glucose and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism in vascular smooth muscle Hardin,C.D.;Roberts,T.M. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00004a027
  10. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. v.281 Myocardial metabolism of exogenous FDP is consistent with transport by a dicarboxylate transporter Hardin,C.D.;Lazzarino,G.;Taazzi,B.;Di pierro,D.;Roberts,T.M.;Giardina,B.;Rovetto,M.J.
  11. Neurochem. Res. v.20 Energy metabolism in hypoxic astrocytes: protective mechanism of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Kelleher,J.A.;Chan,P.H.;Chan,T.Y.Y.;Gregory,G.A. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00969690
  12. Brain Res. v.726 Protection of astrocyts by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and citrate amelioratesneuronal injury under hypoxic conditions Kelleher,J.A.;Chan,T.Y.Y.;Chan,P.H.;Gregory,G.A. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(96)00328-9
  13. Food and Chemical Toxicology v.30 Phototoxicity testing in guinea pig Lovell,W.W.;Sanders,D.J. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(92)90151-A
  14. J. Inv. Derm. v.52 The identification of contact allergens by animal assay. The guinea pig maximization test Magnusson,B.;Kligman,A.M. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.1969.42
  15. Life Sci. v.62 Fructose-1,6-diphosphate enhanced oxyradicals and nitric oxide-dependent suppressions by dexamethasone of ischemic and histamine paw edema of mice Oyanagui,Y.
  16. Eur. J. Pharmacol v.237 Protective effect of fructose-1,6-diphosphate against carrageenan-induced inflammation Planas,M.E.;Sanchez,S.;Gonzalez,P.;Rodrigues, de O.J.;Bartrons,R. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(93)90276-N
  17. Brain Res. v.742 Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate after hypoxin ischemic imjury is protective to the neonatal rat brain Sola,A.;Berrios,M.;Sheldon,R.A.;Ferreiro,D.M.;Gregory,G.A. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(96)01018-9
  18. Gastroenterology v.98 Fructose 1,6 diphosphate prevents intestinal ischemic reperfusion jnjury and death rats Sun,J.;Farias,L.A.;Markov,A.K. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(90)91299-L
  19. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. v.116 Administration of fructose-1,6-diphosphate during early reperfusion significantly improves recovery of contractile function in the postischemic heart Tadeuchi,K.;Cao-danh,H.;Frehs,I.;Glynn,P.;D'agostino,D.;Simplaceanu,E.;Mcgowan,F.X.;Del nido,P.J. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(98)70135-7
  20. Basic Res. Cardiol. v.87 Exogenous fructose-1,6-diphosphate is ametabolizable substrate for the isolated normoxic rat heart Tavazzi,B.;Stanes,J.W.;Lazzarino,G.;Di pierro,D.;Nuutinen,E.M.;Giardina,B. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00804337
  21. 식품의약품안전청 고시 제2001-60호 기능성화장품등의심사에관한규정 식품의약품안전청
  22. 식품의약품안전청 고시 제1999-61호 의약품등의독성시험기준 식품의약품안전청