Quantitative Analysis of Corynomycolic Acids in Fermentation Broth

  • Jang, Ki-Hyo (Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Park, Yong-Il (Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Britz, Margaret-L. (School of Agriculture and Food System, The University of Melbourne)
  • Published : 2002.10.01

Abstract

The mycolic acids and fatty acids of mycolic acid- containing bacteria in various types of fluids were analyzed using capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. As model strains, Brevibacterium and Coryebacterium species, which have corynomycolic acids ill the range of $C_{32}C_{36}$ in the whole cell, were investigated. Optimized solvents extraction procedures for the mycolic acids and fatty acids from the culture fluids were: chloroform/methanol (1:2, v/v) as the first extraction solvents fur 4 h; and chlorofunuwater (1:1, v/v) as the second extraction solvents far 1 h. These conditions gave above 95% recovery yields fur mycolic acids from the culture fluids. The mycolic acid profile for the whole cells and the culture fluids were similar fur all the media tested. Thus, the procedure described here could be applied for the identification of mycolic acid-containing bacteria in fermentation broth or liquid from of foods.

Keywords

References

  1. J. Gen. Microbiol. v.92 Free mycolic acid as criteria in the classification of Nocardia and the rhodochrous complex. ALshamaony, L.;M. Goodfellow;D. E. Minnikin. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-92-1-188
  2. Mycobacterium. Bacteriol. Rev. v.41 Barksdale, L.;K. S. Kim
  3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA v.91 Identification of the apparent carrier in mycolic acid synthesis. Besra, G. S.;T. Sievert;R. E. Lee;R. A. Slayden;P. J. Brennan;K. Takayama. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.26.12735
  4. Can. J. Biochem. Phys. v.37 A rapid method for total lipid extraction and purification. Bligh, E. G.;W. J. Dyer. https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099
  5. Annu. Rev. Biochem. v.64 The envelope of mycobacteria. Brennan, P. J.;H. Nikaido. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.000333
  6. J. Clin. Microbiol. v.29 Identification of mycobacteria by high-performance lipuid chromatography. Butler, W. R.;D. G. Ahearn;J. O. Kiburn.
  7. J. Gen. Microbiol. v.128 A survey of the structres of mycolic acids in coryneform bacterium and related taxa. Gollins, M. D.;M. Goodfellow;D. E. Minnikin.
  8. J. Gen. Microbiol. v.116 Profile analysis of total mycolic acids from skin corynebacteria and from named Corynebacterium strains by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. Corina, D. L.;D. Sesardic.
  9. Nature v.184 Biosynthesis of corynemycolic acid from two molecules of palmitic acid. Gastambide-Odier, M.;E. Lederer.
  10. J. Gen. Microbiol. v.136 The effect of growth conditions of Corynebacterium glutamicum on the transformation frequency obtained by electroporation. Hiynes, J. A.;M. L. Britz. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-136-2-255
  11. Microbiologia Sem. v.9 Numerical analysis of fatty and mycolic acid profiles of corynebacterium urealyticum adn other related corynebacteria. Herrera-Alcaraz, E.;P. Valero-Cuillen;F. Martin-Luengo;M. Canteras-Jordana.
  12. Comprehensive Biotechnology v.3 L-Glutamic acid fermentation Hirosh, Y.;H. Enei;H. Shibai.;M. Moo-Young(ed.) https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0785-593
  13. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. v.136 Analysis of nucleotide methylation in DNA from Corynebacterium glutamicum and related species. Jang, J. H.;P. J. Chambers;M. L. Britz.
  14. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. v.11 Characterization of the cell-surface barriers to plasmid transformatioin in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Jang, K. H.;P. J. Chambers;U. H. Chun;M. L. Britz.
  15. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. v.11 Identification of a sequence containing methylated cytidine in Corynebacterium glutamicum and Brevibacterium flavum using bisulphite DNA derivatization and sequencing. Jang, K. H.;P. J. Chambers;M. L. Britz.
  16. Microbiol. v.143 Mycolic acid composition of Corynebacterium glutamicum and its cell surface mutants: Effects of growth in glycine and isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Jang, K. H.;D. Pierotti;G. W. Kemp;G. R. Best;M. L. Britz. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-143-10-3209
  17. J. Bacteriol. v.172 Permeability barrier to hydrophilic solutes in Mycobacterium cheloni. Jarlier, V.;H. Nikaido. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.3.1418-1423.1990
  18. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. v.123 Mycobacterial cell wall: Structure and role in natural resistance to antibiotics. Jarlier, V.;H. Nikaido. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07194.x
  19. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. v.10 A new and rapid testing method for drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium leprae using RT-PCR. Kim, M. J.;J. H. Lee;J. C. You.
  20. The Biology of Mycobacteria v.1 Complex lipids: their chemistry, biosynthesis and roles Minnikin, D. E.;C. Ratledge(ed.);J. Standorf(ed.)
  21. The Biology of the Nocardiae Lipid composition in the classification and identification of Nocardiae and related taxa Minnikin, D. E.;M. Goodfellow.;M. Goodfellow(ed.);G. H. Brownwell(ed.);J. A. Serrano(ed.)
  22. J. Chromatogr. v.188 Thin layer chromatography of methanolysates of mycolic acid containing bacteria. Minnikin, D. E.;I. G. Hutchinson;A. B. Caldicott;M. Goodfellow. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)88433-2
  23. The Biology of the Actinomycetes Actinomycete envelope lipid and peptidoglycan composition Minnikin, D. E.;A. G. O'Donnell.;M. Goodfellow(ed.);M. Mordarski(ed.);S. T. Williams(ed.)
  24. J. Microbiol. Methods v.37 Mycolic acid analysis in Nocardia species: the mycolic acid compositions of Nocardia asteroides, N. farcinica, and N. nova. Nishiuchi, Y.;T. Baba;H. H. Hotta;I. Yano. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(99)00055-X
  25. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. v.229 In vitro synthesis of mycolic acids by the fluffy layer fraction of Bacterionema matuchotii. Shimakata, T.;M. Iwaki;T. Kusaka. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(84)90159-0
  26. Arch. Microbiol. v.137 Isonicotinic acid hydrazide induced changes and inhibition in mycolic acid synthesis in Nocardia and related taxa. Tomiyasu, I.;I. Yano. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00410728
  27. International Chemical Congress of a Pacific Basin Societies A field portable pyrolysis-ion-trap mass spectrometer for the detecton of environmental bacteria Voorhees, K. J.;F. Basile;T. Hadfield.
  28. Biochim. Biophys. Acta v.326 Biosynthesis of mycolic acids: Formation of $C_32$ β-keto ester from plamitic acid in a cell-free system of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Walker, R. W.;J.-C. Prome;C. Lacave. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(73)90027-1
  29. FRBS Lett. v.23 Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of molecular species of corynomycolic acids from Corynebacterium ulcerans. Yano, I.;K. Saito.
  30. J. Bacteriol. v.162 Cloning vector system for Corynebacterium glutamicum. Yoshihama, M.;K. Higarshiro;E. A. Rao;M. Akedo;W. G. Shanabruch;M. T. Follettie;G. C. Walker;A. J. Sinskey.