Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering (한국정밀공학회지)

Korean Society for Precision Engineering (한국정밀공학회)
권호 표지

Numerical Simulation considering Latent Heat Effect for Laser Cladding Process

잠열을 고려한 레이저 클래딩 공정의 수치해석

  • 조규평 (인하대학교 대학원) ;
  • 시호문 (인하대학교 대학원) ;
  • 조종두 (인하대학교 기계항공자동화 공학부) ;
  • 김재도 (인하대학교 기계항공자동화 공학부)
  • Published : 2001.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Laser cladding process accompanies phase transformations from melting (on heating) through solidifying (on cooling) at the same time within a small material volume and to final solid phase. The phase transformations are not reversible, but an irreversible thermodynamic process; they accompany either absorption or release of thermal energy (referred to latent heat) during transformation. Yet, most analyses on materials processed by laser as a heat source have been performed on models of neglecting the latent heat in the process and those did not Justify the simplification. With literatures on the laser material process, we have not place an answer to how little the assumption affects on analyses. This led us to our current study: the effects of latent heat on thermo-mechanical analysis. To this end, we developed a fairly accurate program accommodating an algorithm for enforcing the latent heat whenever necessary and ran it combining with ABAQUS$^{TM}$. The simulation techniques we used in this study were verified by directly comparing our prediction with experimental publications elsewhere; our numerical results agreed accurately with the experiments. On the effects of the latent heat, we performed two alternatives about considering the latent heat in analysis, and compared each other. As a result, we found that more accurate conclusions might come out when considering the latent heat in process analyses.s.

Keywords

References

  1. S. Kou, S.C. Hsu and R. Mehrabian, 'Rapid Melting and Solidification of a Sufrace Due to a Moving Heat Flux,' Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 12B, pp. 33-45, 1981 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02674756
  2. P. S. Mohanty and J. Mazumder, 'Solidification Behavior and Microstructural Evolution during Laser Beam-Material Interaction,' Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 29B, pp. 1269-1279, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-998-0050-x
  3. A. Kar and J. Mazumder, 'Extended Solid Solution and Nonequilibrium Phase Diagram for Ni-Al Alloy Formed during Laser Cladding,' Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 20A, pp. 363-371, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02653915
  4. C. Chan, J. Mazumder and M.M. Chen, 'A Two-Dimensional Transient Model for Convection in Laser Melted Pool,' Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 15A, pp. 2175-2184, 1984 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02647100
  5. J. D. Damborenea, 'Surface Modification of Metals by High Power Lasers,' Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 100, pp. 377-382, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00652-X
  6. M. Bamberger, W. D. Kaplan, B. Medres and L. Shepeleva, 'Calculation of Process Parameters for Laser Alloying and Cladding,' J. Laser Applications, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 29-33, 1998 https://doi.org/10.2351/1.521829
  7. A. Kar and J. Mazumder, 'Modeling in Laser Materials Processing: Melting, Alloying, Cladding,' Laser Processing: Surface Treatment and Film Deposition, pp. 129-155, 1996
  8. A. Kar and J. Mazumder, 'One-Dimensional Finite-Medium Diffusion Model for Extended Solid Solution in Laser Cladding of HF on Nickel,' Acta metall., Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 701-712, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(88)90104-6
  9. A. A. Rostami and A. Raisi, 'Temperature Distribution and Melt Pool Size in a Semi-Infinite Body due to a Moving Laser Heat Source,' Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, Vol. 31, pp. 783-796, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1080/10407789708914064
  10. M. Picasso, C. F. Marsden, J. D. Wagniere, A. Frenk and M. Rappaz, 'A Simple but Realistic Model for Laser Cladding,' Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 25B, pp. 281-291, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665211
  11. P. Nithiarasu, 'An Adaptive Finite Element Procedure for Solidification Problems,' Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 36, pp. 223-229, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002310050389
  12. J. Mazumder and W.M. Steen, 'Heat transfer Model for CW Laser Material Processing,' J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 941-947, 1980 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.327672
  13. J. D. Kim and Y. Peng, 'Time-Dependent FEM Simulation of Dilution Control of Laser Cladding by Adaptive Mesh Method,' KSME International Journal, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 177-187, 2000
  14. J. D. Kim and Y. Peng, 'Melt Pool Shape and Dilution of Laser Cladding with Wire Feeding,' Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 104, pp. 284-293, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(00)00528-8
  15. A.F.A. Hoadley and M. Rappaz, 'A Thermal Model of Laser Cladding by Powder Injection,' Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 23B, pp. 631-642, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02649723
  16. A. J. Dalhuijsen and A. Segal, 'Comparison of Finite Element Techniques for Solidification Problems,' Int. J. Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 23, pp. 1807-1829, 1986 https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620231003
  17. http://metalcasting.auburn.edu/data/Incone1718/1718Data.html
  18. L. K. Li and J. Mazumder, Laser Processing of Materials,' Proc. Metal. Soc. AIME, Los Angeles, Calif., 1984, pp. 33-50