Effects of Stocking and Removal of Silver Carp on Plankton Communities in a Shallowhypertrophic Lake

부영양호의 enclosure내에서 어류의 밀도조절이 수질 및 플랑크톤 군집에 미치는 영향

  • Published : 2000.12.30

Abstract

To evaluate the influences of stocking and removal of silver carp on plankton communities and physicochemical parameters, fish biomanipulation was conducted in six enclosures constructed on the coast of a hypertrophic lake during the summer of 1997. Of these, three enclosures were established for the fish-stocking experiment; one fishless enclosure used as a control and two enclosures with high and low densities of fish. The other three enclosures for the fish-removal experiment were prepared in an entirely converse process compared to that for fish stocking. The results of randomized intervention analysis (${\alpha}=0.05$) showed significant changes in several physicochemical parameters and plankton communities after fish stocking and removal. Fish stocking decreased water transparency, DO, pH and chi-a (> $40\;{\mu}m$), while increasing the concentration of nitrogen and chi-a (<$2\;{\mu}m$). However, water transparency did not increase by fish removal. Small plankton communities, such as picocyanobacteria, eukaryotic picoplankton and ciliates (<$2\;{\mu}m$) showed significant reciprocal changes after both fish treatments: increase by the presence of fish and decrease by the absence of fish. No count of large sized phytoplankton and zooplankton showed significant change in the presence of fish, while large zooplankton, Diaphanosoma, Cyclopida and nauplii were significantly increased by fish removal. Although the frequent heavy-winds and endless supply of phosphorus from the lake sediment strongly disturbed the fish behavior and enclosure management, the stocking and removal of silver carp showed an obvious reciprocal influences on plankton communities and its physico-chemical parameters in a shallow-hypertrophic lake.

백련어의 도입 및 제거가 부영양호의 수중생물군집과 환경요인에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 생물조작을 위해 호수연안에 6개의 enclosure를 설치하고, 5월 22일부터 7월 23일까지(전기), 7월 23일부터 9월 18일까지(후기) 두 가지 밀도(고, 저)의 어류를 투입 및 제거하였다. RIA(${\alpha}$=0.05)의 결과는 어류도입 및 제거가 대부분의 생물군집 및 환경요인에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 각 enclosure의 환경요인에 대해 어류투입은 투명도, 용존산소, 수소이온농도, 큰분획엽록소(>40 ${\mu}$m) 등의 감소와 질소화합물, 소형분획엽록소(<2 ${\mu}$m)의 증가를 유도하였으며, 어류제거는 정반대 현상을 보였다. 한편, 수중생물군집에 있어서, 어류투입은 picocyanobacteria이나 섬모충(<20 ${\mu}$m) 같은 소형 플랑크톤의 증가가 뚜렷하였고, 어류제거에 의해 다시 유의하게 회복하였다. 그러나 크고, 군체를 형성하거나 긴 사상체 남조나 규조등은 두 가지 어류조작에 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으며, 어류제거시만 Diaphanosoma, Cyclopoida, naupli 등 동물플랑크톤의 유의한 증가를 나타냈다. 본 연구는 실험기간 동안 강한 바람과 호수바닥으로부터 지속적인 인의 공급 등으로 인하여 결과해석에 부정적으로 작용하였으나, 전체적으로 어류도입 및 제거가 enclosure내 플랑크톤군집과 환경요인에 대해 서로 상반되는 효과를 유도하는 것이 확인되었다.

Keywords

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