전자공학회논문지SC (Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC)

대한전자공학회 (The Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers)
권호 표지

전영역에서 선형 전류 관계를 갖는 일정 트랜스컨덕턴스 연산 증폭기의 설계

A Constant-gm Global Rail-to-Rail Operational Amplifier with Linear Relationship of Currents

  • 발행 : 2000.03.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 논문에서는 트랜지스터 동작영역에 독립적인 일정 트랜스컨덕턴스 rail-to-tail 입력회로 및 AB-급 출력회로를 갖는 2단 연산증폭기를 제시한다. rail-to-rail 입력회로는 추가 NMOS 및 PMOS 차동 입력단 구조를 사용하여, 전체 동상 입력 전압에서 항상 일정한 트랜스컨덕턴스를 갖도록 하였다. 이러한 입력단 회로는 기존 MOS의 정확한 전류-전압 관계식을 사용하지 않고, 트랜지스터의 동작영역에서, 즉 강 반전 및 약 반전, 독립적인 새로운 광역 선형 전류관계를 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 입력단 회로를 SPICE를 사용하여 모의실험 결과, 전체 동상 입력 전압에 대해서 4.3%의 변화율이 나타남을 검증하였다. AB-급 출력단 회로는 공급 전압원에 독립적인 일정한 동작 전류값을 갖고, 출력 전압은 Vss+0.1에서 Vdd-0.15까지 구동하는 전압 특성을 나타내었다. 또한 출력단은 AB-급 궤환 제어 방식을 사용하여 저전압에서 동작 할 수 있다. 전체 연산 증폭기의 단일-이득 주파수 및 DC 전압이득 변화율은 각각 4.2% 및 12%로 나타냈다.

The principle and design of two-stage CMOS operational amplifier with rail-to-rail input and class-AB output stage is presented. The rail-to-rail input stage shows almost constant transconductance independent of the common mode input voltage range in global transistor operation region. This new technique does not make use of accurate current-voltage relationship of MOS transistors. Hence it was achieved by using simple linear relationship of currents. The simulated transconductance variation using SPICE is less the 4.3%. The proposed global two-stage opamp can operate both in strong inversion and in weak inversion. Class AB output stage proposed also has a full output voltage swing and a well-defined quiescent current that does not depend on power supply voltage. Since feedback class- AB control is used, it is expected that this output stage can be operating in extremely low voltage. The variation of DC-gain and unity-gain frequency is each 4.2% and 12%, respectively.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. J. H. Huilsing and D. Linebarge, 'Low-Voltage Operational Amplifier with Railto-Rail Input and Output Ranges,' IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-20, pp. 1144-1150, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.1985.1052452
  2. W. C. S. Wu, W. J. Helms, J. A. Kuhn and B. E. Byrkett, 'Digital-Compatible High-Performance operational Amplifier with Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Range,' IEEE J. Of Solid-Stage Circuit, vol. SC-29, no. 12, pp. 15505-1513, 1994
  3. M. D. Pardoen and M. G. Degrauwe, 'A Rail-to-Rail Amplifier Input/Output CMOS Power amplifier,' IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-25, pp. 501-504, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1109/4.52177
  4. R. Hogervorst, J. P. Tero, R G. H. Eschauzier and J. H. Huijsing, 'A Compact Power-Efficient 3V CMOS Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Operational Amplifier for VLSI Cell Libraries,' IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-29, pp.1505-1512 1994 https://doi.org/10.1109/4.340424
  5. R. Hogervorst, R. J. Wiegerink, P. AL. de Jong, J Fonderie, R F. Was senaar and J. H. Huijsing, 'CMOS Low-Voltage Operational Amplifiers with Constant-gm Railto-Rail Input Stage,' Analog Integrated Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp.125-146, 1994
  6. R.F.Wassenaar, J.H Huijsing, R.J.Wiegerink, R. Hogervorst, J. P. Tero, 'Differential Amplifier Having Rail - to - Rail Input Capability and Square Root Current ControlM.D. Pardoen and M.G. Degrauwe, IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol.SC-25, pp. 501-504, (1990),' US patent, patent no. 5,371,474, 1994
  7. R. Hogervorst, J.P.Tero and J. H. Huijsing, 'Compact CMOS Constant-gm Rail-to-Rail Input Stage with gm Control by an Electronic Zener Diode,' Proceedings ESSCIRC, pp. 178-181, 1995
  8. R. Hogervorst, J. P. Tero and J. H. Huijsin, 'Compact CMOS Constant-gm Rail-toRail Input Stage with gm Control by an Electronic Zener Diode,' IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-31, pp.1035-1040, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1109/4.508218
  9. J. H. Botama, RF.Wassenaar and Wiegerink, 'Simple RaiHo-RaiI Low-Voltage ConstantTransconductance CMOS Input Stage in Weak Inversion,' IEE Electronic Letters, vol.29, p.1145-1147, 1993
  10. P. R Gray, R G. Meyer, 'Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits,' John Wiley & Sons Inc., New Yark, 1984
  11. R. Hogervarst, and J.H. Huijsing, 'Design of Low-Voltage, Low- Power Operational Amplifier Cells,' . Kluwer Academic Publisher, Boston, 1964
  12. E.Seevinck, W.De Jager and P.Buitenclijk, 'A Low Distorint Output Stage with Improved Stability for Monolithic Power Amplifiers,' IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-23, pp.794-801, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1109/4.320
  13. W. C. M.Renirie, J. H. Huijsin, 'Simplifier Class-AB Control Circuits for Bipolar Rail-to-Rail Output Stages of Operational Amplifiers,' Proceedings ESSCIRC, pp. 183-186, 1992
  14. 박장우, '일정-gm을 갖는 3V CMOS Rail-to-Rail Opamp의 설계', 제6회 한국반도체학술대회, pp.371-372, 1999