Effects of Additives on Soil Washing Efficiency for Mixed Surfactants

혼합 계면활성제에 적용된 각종 첨가제가 토양세척 효율에 미치는 영향

  • Choi, Sang-Il (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University) ;
  • Jang, Min (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University) ;
  • Hwang, Kyung-Yub (Environmental Remediation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)) ;
  • Ryoo, Doo-Hyun (School of Biotechnology, Jeonju University)
  • 최상일 (광운대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 장민 (광운대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 황경엽 (한국과학기술연구원 환경복원연구센터) ;
  • 류두현 (전주대학교 생명과학부)
  • Published : 1998.03.01

Abstract

To enhance the washing efficiency of soil polluted by hydrophobic organic compounds, the effects of electrolytes and monomeric organic additives on micelle formation and washing efficiency of mixed surfactant solutions were investigated in this study. The surface tensions and critical micelle concentrations(CMCs) of the single and mixed surfactant solutions[$POE_5$/SDS] supplemented by NaCl were measured to investigate the effects on washing efficiency, and the composition ratios of surfactants and NaCl were optimized for the efficient soil washing system. As the mixing ratio of $POE_5$/SDS was increased to 80%, the mixed surfactant with 0.01M NaCl showed more proportional increase of washing efficiency than the mixed surfactant without any salts. The 3% solution of $POE_5$ and SDS(80%/2o%) with 0.01M NaCl showed the washing efficiency of 90%. However, the washing efficiency was not enhanced by NaCl addition to the single surfactant solution of $POE_5$. The CMC of SDS(0.049%) was higher than that of $POE_5$(0.016%), but the CMCs of mixed surfactants were decreased as the mixing ratio of $POE_5$ was increased. Alcohols having longer chain and branched carbon chain were found to be desirable for the soil washing additives.

계면활성제에 의해 형성되는 미셀의 바깥층에 전기적인 영향을 주는 전해질과 미셀의 구조 자체를 변화시키는 유기물질 단량체를 첨가제로 각종 혼합 계면활성제 용액에 적용함으로써 토양세척 효율에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 혼합 계면활성제[$POE_5$/SDS] 및 NaCl을 첨가농도를 변화시키면 용액의 표면장력과 CMC 값을 측정하여 세척효율과의 상관 관계를 규명하고, 세척효율이 상승되는 혼합 계면활성제와 NaCl의 최적 혼합조건을 도출하고자 하였다. 실험 결과, 0.01M의 NaCl이 첨가될 때가 NaCl을 넣지 않았을 때보다 $POE_5$의 혼합 농도비가 80%까지 증가됨에 따라 세척효율이 비례적으로 증가하였으며, $POE_5$/SDS(80%/20%) 3%용액 적용시 90%의 높은 세척효율을 나타내었다. 반면 비이온계 계면활성제인 $POE_5$ 단일 성분 수용액에 대한 NaCl의 영향은 극히 미미하였다. SDS 단일 성분 수용액에 대한 CMC값은 0.049% 로 $POE_5$ 단일 성분 수용액에 대한 CMC값인 0.016%보다 높지만, 혼합 게면활성제의 CMC값은 $POE_5$의 혼합 농도비가 증가됨에 따라 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 유기물질 단량체인 알코올류는 탄화수소 사슬의 길이가 길수록, 직쇄형보다는 가지형이 토양세척용 첨가제로 적합하였다.

Keywords