A Study on the Allergenicity of Egg Protein

달걀 단백질의 Allergenicity에 관한 연구

Egg is an important foods containing many good proteins. But it is well known that egg protein has a lot of allergenicity. The purpose of this study is to develop the methods to reduce the allergenicity of egg. I tried various experimental methods ; For example, heat treatment, irradiation with ultraviolet and microwaves, treatment with polyphosphate, enzyme hydrolysis and PCA inhibition test using guinea pigs and degrees of hydrolysis. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Heat treatment reduced allergenicity of egg protein. The longer the heat time, the better the effect. 2. Irradiating with ultraviolet and microwave increased both the degree of protein hydrolysis and PCA inhibition reduced the allergenicity. Ultraviolet was more effective than microwaves on egg protein. Fertilized eggs did not reduce allergenicity. 3. Enzyme treatment increased the degree of hydrolysis and PCA inhibition, and reduced allergenicity considerably. Alcalase was more effective than neutrase. 4. Adding polyphosphate did not induced protein hydrolysis, but increased PCA inhibition and reduced allergenicity. 5. The picture of various treatments of egg gel by SEM showed a light surface which indicated that protein was desolved. Neutrase was lighter than alcalase, and the longer the heating time, the lighter the surface became. 6. Measurements of the hardness of egg gel by Instron showed that the longer the reaction time with enzyme, the softer it became.

달걀의 Allergenicity를 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 강구하고자 물리적 처리, 축합 인산염 처리 및 효소처리를 하여 Guinea pig를 이용한 Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis(PCA) inhibition 실험과 Non Proteic Nitrogen(NPN)정량을 통한 가수분해율의 측정결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 달걀의 allergenicity는 가열에 의해 감소하였으며 가열시간이 길수록 단백질 가수분해율 및 PCA inhibition을 증가 시켰다. Ultraviolet 조사와 Microwave 조사는 단백 가수분해율과 PCA inhibition을 증가 시켜서 allergenicity를 저하시켰으며 ultraviolet이 저해효과가 더 컸으며 부화 달걀은 allergenicity를 감소시키지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 효소처리는 단백질의 가수분해율 및 PCA inhibition을 증가 시키며 allergenicity를 현저히 감소시켰으며 alcalase의 재해효과가 더 컸다. Polyphosphate의 참가는 단백질의 가수분해는 유도하지 않았으나 PCA inhibition을 증가 시키며 allergenicity를 감소시켰다. Allergenicity를 감소시키기 위한 처리를 한 달걀 gel의 주사전자현미경 사진은 효소처리 시 표면이 밝게 나타나서 단백질이 분해되었음을 알 수 있었고 neutrase가 alcalase보다 밝게 나타났으나 반응시간의 증가에 따라 모든 효소 표면이 밝게 나타났다. Instron에서 달걀 gel의 경도를 측정한 결과 효소와의 반응시간이 길수록 경도가 감소하는 경향을 보였다.