The Formation of Transient Saturation Zone and the Subsurface flow on the Steep Hillslope by Rains

降雨에 의한 急斜面의 일시적인 飽和帶形成과 중간류 流出

  • An, Jung-Gi (Korea Agricutural and Rural Infrastructure Corporation)
  • 안중기 (농어촌진흥공사 지하수사업처)
  • Published : 1998.04.01

Abstract

On steep hillslopes, saturation zone formations and subsurface flows were monitored through the observation systems of observation wells, tensiometers and trenches. By the 103 mm rain which had fallen on the hillslope with dry soil moisture, the saturation zone began to be formed at the top of hillslope during the rain and developed to be formed within a few hours after the end of rain on all hillslope. Subsurface water outflowed mainly from the soil profile of 0-40 cm depth, but did not outflow from the one of 40-80 cm depth. This saturation zone seemed to be formed by partially saturation of soil. This resulted for two reasons. Firstly, the saturation zone was formed by a smaller amount of rain than that required. Secondly the soil at a certain depth below the water table was unsaturated. Saturation zones formed by pre-rains responded rapidly to rains and subsurface water outflowed mainly from the soil profile of 40-80 cm depth simultaneously with the rising of the water level. The rates of subsurface discharge from the soil profile of 40-80 cm depth to the precipitation were related to the antecedent precipitation although the maximum water levels of saturation zone formed by four rains were similar.

급사면에 관측정, 텐시오메타, 트렌치 등의 시설을 설치하고 포화대의 형성 과정과 중간류의 유출특성을 관측하여 분석하였다. 사면의 토양이 건조한 때에 내린 강우(총강우량 103mm)에 의해 포화대는 사면 상부 관측정부터 형성되기 시작하여 강우 종료 수 시간 후에 사면 전체에 발달하였다. 이 포화대는 포화대 형성에 필요한 것보다 적은 양의 강우에 의해 형성되었고, 포화대내의 일부 깊이의 토양 수분이 불포화 상태이었기 때문에 포화대는 침투수가 일부 토양만을 포화시켜 형성된 것으로 판단된다. 이 포화대로부터 중간류는 포화대 형성 초기에 0∼40cm 깊이의 토양층을 통해 유출될 뿐 40∼80cm 깊이의 토양층을 통한 유출은 거의 없었다. 사면에 형성된 기존의 포화대의 수위는 강우에 빠르게 반응하며 중간류는 수위상승과 동시에 대부분 40∼80cm 깊이의 토양층을 통해 유출되기 시작하였다. 포화대의 최대 수위가 유사한 4개 강우의 40∼80cm 깊이의 토양층을 통한 중간류 유출률은 선행 강우량과 관계가 있었다.

Keywords

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