Studies on Valuable Components and Processing of Persimmon Flesh and Peel

감과육 및 껍질의 유용성분 및 가공이용에 관한 연구

This study was conducted to derive consumption of persimmon by the expansion of utilization of the persimmon flesh and peel. The valuable components were investigated in persimmon flesh and peel. Crude protein and fat contents in persimmon peel were higher than flesh but soluble sugar was more higher in flesh (with 71.3%) than peel (with 54.2%). Major free sugar in persimmon peel were glucose and fructose, the composition was similar to flesh. Major total amino acids in persimmon peel were glutamic acid, proline, methionine and aspartic acid. Proline, arginine, valine and alanine were relatively high in free amino acid. Oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid were the major fatty acid in persimmon peel, and the content of unsaturated fatty acid was more higher than flesh. Sugar cookies were processed using persimmon flesh and peel, when these powder were mixed with $5{\sim}10%$ to raw materials, the preference score was increased. Steamed rice cakes with persimmon were processed using persimmon flesh and peel, when sliced-dried persimmon was mixed to $10{\sim}20%$, the preference was increased, but persimmon peel was not. The quality of gruel which processed using persimmon flesh powder improved when mixed with flesh powder of 3%, rice powder, glutinous rice powder and skimmed milk, but persimmon peel was not suitable for gruel processing.

감과육과 곶감 제조시에 폐기되는 많은 양의 감껍질의 유효성분을 비교 조사하였다. 감껍질은 과육부보다 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분 함량이 높았으며 그 중 조지방 및 조단백질의 함량이 크게 높았고 가용성 탄닌의 함량은 과육이 다소 높았다. 총당의 함량은 과육부의 함량이 크게 높았으며 구성당의 조성은 껍질부가 과육부보다 glucose와 fructose가 각각 약 절반씩 함유되어 있었으며 sucrose의 함량은 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 전아미노산 함량은 껍질부가 과육부보다 높은 함량을 나타내었으나 유리아미노산은 과육부가 껍질부보다 오히려 높았다. 감과육의 주요 지방산은 oleic acid, palmitic acid 및 linoleic acid 였으며 감껍질은 oleic acid, linoleic acid 및 palmltic acid의 순으로 많았으며 특히 불포화지방산의 함량이 높았다. 과육분말 및 껍질분말을 이용하여 당과자를 제조하였으며 $5{\sim}10%$ 첨가할 경우 기호성이 인정되었으며 곶감떡의 경우 감 절편(slice)제품은 $10{\sim}20%$ 첨가시 기호도가 향상되었으나 껍질은 기호도가 낮았다. 감과육분말을 이용하여 개발한 죽제품의 경우 과육 3%외에 쌀가루, 찹쌀가루, 옥수수전분, 탈지분유 등을 첨가하였을 때 기호도가 높게 나타났으나 껍질로서는 죽제품의 개발이 어려웠다.