Biomass and Net Production of Pinus densiflora Natural Forests of Four Local Forms in Korea

한국산(韓國産) 4개(個) 지역형(地域型) 소나무 천연림(天然林)의 물질생산(物質生産)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

Pinus densiflora is not only widely distributed but also one of the most economically important timber species in Korea. In Korea, this species is classified into four local forms according to tree forms, as it has widely geographical variations. Trees of Ankang form are dwarfish nearly like shrubs, and those of Keumkang form are very tall and straight. Those of flatland and highland forms are exhibited in-between Ankang and Keumkang forms. This study was carried out to examine biomass, net production and production efficiency among four local forms of Pirzus densiflora forests growing in Korea. For the study, dimension analysis was used for trees and harvest method for shrubs and herbs in four 30-40 year-old stands showing the typical tree forms. Stand biomass of Ankang, flatland, highland and Keumkang forms were 29.87, 110.89, 133.53 and 205.42 t/ha, respectively. As going in order of Ankang, flatland, highland and Keumkang forms, the proportions of stem woods to total tree biomass increased while the proportions of stem barks, live branches, needles and roots showed a tendency to decrease. Stand net productions of Ankang, flatland, highland and Keumkang forms were 3.716, 10.796, 13.097 and 16.500 t/ha yr., respectively. As going in order of Ankang, flatland, highland and Keumkang forms, the proportions of stem woods and lire branches to total tree net production increased while the proportion of needles decreased. In case of live branches, the opposite trend of biomss and net production proportion may be resulted from the differences in the ratio of self-pruning. Net assimilation ratios of Ankang, flatland, highland and Keumkang forms were 1.406, 1.920, 1.487 and 1.677, respectively. Efficiency of needles to produce stems in those forms were 0.239, 0.714, 0.572 and 0.771, respectively. Considering the difference in measuring time, net assimilation ratio and efficiency of needles to produce stems may increase as going in order of Ankang, flatland, highland and Keumkang forms.

한국산(韓國産) 4개(個) 지역형(地域型) 소나무천연림(天然林)의 물질생산량(物質生産量) 및 물질생산구조(物質生産構造)를 파악하기 위하여 지역형별(地域型別) 전형적인 수형을 보이는 30~40년생(年生) 4개(個) 임분(林分)을 대상으로 현존량(現存量), 순생산량(純生産量), 생산능률(生産能率)을 조사비교한 결과 임분(林分) 전체의 현존량(現存量)은 안강형 29.87t/ha, 중남부평지형 110.89t/ha, 중남부고지형 133.53t/ha, 금강형 205.42t/ha으로써 큰 차이를 보였다. 부위별(部位別) 현존량(現存量) 구성비(構成比)는 안강형에서 금강형으로 갈수록 줄기의 목질부(木質部) 구성비(構成比)는 증가하는 반면(反面), 수피(樹皮), 생지(生枝), 잎, 뿌리의 구성비(構成比)는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 임분(林分) 전체의 순생산량(純生産量)은 안강형 3.716t/ha/yr., 중남부평지형 10.796t/ha/yr., 중남부고지형 13.097t/ha/yr., 금강형 16.500 t/ha/yr.의 순으로 증가하였다. 부위별(部位別) 순생산량(純生産量) 구성비(構成比)는 안강형에서 금강형으로 감에 따라 줄기의 목질부(木質部), 생지(生枝)의 구성비(構成比)는 증가하는 반면, 잎의 구성비(構成比)는 감소하였다. 생지(生枝)의 경우 현존량(現存量) 구성비(構成比)와 상반(相反)된 경향을 보이는 것은 금강형으로 갈수록 자연락지율(自然落枝率)이 높기 때문인 것으로 추정(推定)되었다. 생산능률(生産能率)에 있어서 순동화율(純同化率)은 안간형, 중남부평지형, 중남부고지형, 금강형에서 각각(各各) 1.406, 1.920, 1.487, 1.677이었으며, 잎의 줄기 생산능률(生産能率)은 각각(各各) 0.239, 0.714, 0.572, 0.771이었다. 중남부평지형 조사시기(調査時期)의 차이를 고려할 때 순동화율(純同化率)과 줄기 생산능률(生産能率)은 안강형에서 금강형으로 감에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보이는 것으로 추정(推定)되었다.