초록
인삼의 연근별 지방질 및 지방산 조성과 유리당의 조성을 silicic acid column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas liquid chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography로 분리하여 정량하였고 연근별 조 지방질의 함량은 $1.07{\sim}1.67%$로써 3년근이 1.67%로 가장 많았다. 지방질 분별 조성 및 함량은 중성 지질이 $51.35{\sim}72.30%$로 점차 증가한 반면 당 지질은 $15.03{\sim}34.59%$로 거의 2 배 이상 감소하였고 인지질은 $11.83{\sim}2.72%$로 연근별에 따른 큰 변화는 없었다. 중성지질의 성분은 9종류가 확인되었으며 미확인 불질은 2종류였다. 주요 지질성분은 triglyceride가 $14.42{\sim}23.91%$로써 일반적인 동식물의 triglyceride함량 $80{\sim}80%$에 비해 상당히 적다. 지방산 조성은 linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid 및 linolenic acid가 대부분을 차지하며 linoleic acid의 함량은 총 지질과 중성 지질의 $61{\sim}65%$를 차지하는 반면 당지질과 인 지질에서는 $46{\sim}57%$로 다소 적었다. 중성 지질분획의 지방산조성은 총 지질의 지방산 조성과 거의 비슷하였으며 당 지질의 linolenic acid함량은 오래된 인삼일수록 감소하였다. 유리당을 구성하는 당으로는 rhamnose, fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose 및 미확인물질 1종이 동정되었다. Sucrose의 함량이 $92{\sim}94%$로 거의 대부분을 차지하였으며 2년근에서 가장 많았으며 그 후에는 점차 감소하였다.
Lipid contents, fatty acid compositions and free sugar contents of dried ginsengs grown for different years were studied. The lipid and free sugar were separated and quantified by silicic acid column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas liquid chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Ginseng contained $1.07{\sim}67%$ crude lipid and the hightest lipid content was shown in 3 year old root. The lipid fractions obtained by silicic acid column chromatography were mainly composed of neutral lipid$(51.35{\sim}72.30%)$. The contents of phospholipid and glycolipid in total lipids were $15.03{\sim}34.59%$ and $11.83{\sim}20.72%$, respectively. As the ginseng grew, neutral lipid content increased gradually but glycolipid decreased to the half of the one year old root. Seven components of neutral lipid separated by thin layer chromatography were identified but the other two components were not able to be identified. Triglyceride content was $14.42{\sim}23.91%$, sterol ester and unidentified material(II) were $13.58{\sim}21.26%$ and $7.13{\sim}15.83%$ respectively. The major fatty acids were linoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acid. Linoleic acid content of total and neutral lipid was $61{\sim}65%$ palmitic acid content in phospholipid was $26{\sim}39%$ and one year old root showed the hightest contents. The fatty acid composition of neutral lipid was similar to the pattern of total lipid. Linolenic acid content of glycolipid decreased gradually. Free sugars were composed of rhamnose, fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose and an unidentified material. The content of sucrose was $92{\sim}94%$ of total free sugars. Two year old root showed the highest sugar content and it decreased since then.
(Department of Food Science and Technology, Young-Nam University)