A Study on Paralytic Shellfish Poison of Sea Mussel, Mytilus edulis -Food Poisoning Accident in Gamchun Bay, Pusan, Korea, 1986-

진주담치의 마비성독에 관한 연구 -1986년 부산 감천만 중독사고를 중심으로-

At various times and places all over the world men have become ill and some have died after eating shellfish that were intoxicated with paralytic shellfish poison(PSP) caused by Protogonyaulax spp. In late March, 1986, two persons were dead by ingesting wild sea mussels, Mytilur edulis, grown at bottom of an anchored waste ship to be dismantled at Gamchun Bay, Pusan, Korea. The samples were collected from the bottom of the ship during April $1\~April$ 8 of the year to find the cause of the food poisoning accident. The toxicity was estimated by bioassay with ICR male mouse, while the toxins were extracted and characterized. The toxins were extracted with acidified $80\%$ ethanol. The extract was defatted three times with dichloromethane, treated with activated charcoal, and then purified by chromatography on Bio-Gel P-2 and Bio-Rex 70. The toxic fractions obtained were analysed by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis, thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatogaphy. The range and the average of PSP-toxicity of the samples were $132\~295\;MU/g$, 203 MU/g respectively. The amount of PSP was $26.4\~58.9{\mu}g/g$ of whole meat in range and $40.6{\mu}g/g$ in average. The toxicity of the digestive gland of the samples was 9 times higher than that of edible meat (except digestive gland) as $439\~979MU/g$, and it was about $70\%$ in total toxin. The compositional analytical results of the paralytic shellfish toxin, Gonyautoxin $1\~4$ were the major part of the PSP and Saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin were detected as the minor component. It was concluded that the food poisoning accident was caused not by Saxitoxins but by Gonyautoxins.

우리나라산 주요 패류에 대한 독의 분포특성 등에 대한 연구의 일환으로 우선 1986년 3월 부산시 사하구 구평동 지선에 소재하는 모회사(폐선을 해체하여 고철로 활용)의 작업인부들이 먹고 식중독 사고를 일으킨 원인식품인 진주담치를 시료로 하여 biassay를 통한 마비성 패류독의 독성을 조사하고 독소를 분리하여 electrophoresis, TLC, HPLC로 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 식중독사고의 원인이 된 진주담치의 마비성 패류독 함량은 $132\~295MU/g$, 또는 $26.4\~58.9{\mu}g/g$ 였다. 2. 독화된 진주담치의 중장선부위에는 독성이 $439\~979MU/g$나 되어 육질부위의 약 9배에 달하였으며 전체 독성의 $70\%$ 정도가 중장선부위에 축적되어 있었다. 3. 마비성 패류독을 분리하여 전기영동, TLC, HPLC로 분석한 결과 주성분은 $Gonyautoxin_{1\~4}$ 였으며, Saxitofin 군은 아주 미량검출되었다. 이상의 결과로서 본 마비성 패류독에 의한 식중독 사고의 원인물질은 Saxitoxin이 아니고 Gonyautoxin 임을 알 수 있었다.