A Survey on the Heavy Metal Concentration of Soil Samples around Onsan Industrial Complex

온산공단(溫山工團)주변토양의 중금속(重金屬) 농도조사

In order to investigate the pollution potential of soils after the construction of Onsan Industrial Complex(non-ferrous metal refineries), concentrations of hazardous heavy metals were analyzed for soil samples collected from paddy, upland, orchard and forest soils around the Complex during the period of March 1978 to May 1979. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The concentrations of heavy metals (air-dry basis) for cultivated soil samples from 46 sites were obtained in the range of trace-9.3 ppm As, trace-0.6 ppm Cd, 4${\sim}$22 ppm Cu, trace-0.37 ppm Hg, 6${\sim}$43 ppm Pb and 27${\sim}$93 ppm Zn, which were regarded as non-polluted when compared with the whole Korea data for non-polluted paddy soils. 2) When the heavy metal concentrations were compared with respect to paddy, upland and orchard soils, no significant difference was observed in As, Cd, Cu and Zn whereas significant difference was observed in Hg and Pb. When they were compared with respect to region surrounding the Complex, no significant difference was observed in As, Cd, Hg whereas significant difference was observed in Cu and Pb. 3) Soil samples from several sites near Korea Zinc Refinery were contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn, due to the accidental emission during its testing operation. Any further contamination was not observed after regular operation of the Refinery.

온산(溫山)공업단지 조성(造成)에 따른 토양(土壤)의 오염(汚染)가능성을 조사하기 위하여 1978년 3월부터 1979년 5월말까지 수차에 걸쳐 공업단지 주변의 전답(田畓), 과수원 및 야산(野山)의 토양시료에 대하여 중금속 원소의 농도를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 농경지통양 46개지점의 중금속 농도(풍건물(風乾物) 기준)는 비소 흔적${\sim}9.3ppm$, 카드뮴 흔적${\sim}$0.6 ppm, 구리4${\sim}$22ppm, 수은 흔적${\sim}$0.37ppm, 납 6${\sim}$43ppm, 아연 27${\sim}$93ppm으로서 전국(全國) 논토양의 분석치와 비교할 때 중금속의 오염은 전혀 인정할 수 없었다. 2) 중금속 함량을 논, 밭, 과수원의 토양별로 비교한 결과 As, Cd, Cu, Zn은 토양에 따라 유의차(有意差)가 없었으나 Hg, Pb는 유의차(有意差)가 있었다. 공단내(工團內) 리단위(里單位)지역에 따른 중금속 함량을 비교한 결과 As, Cd, Hg는 유의차(有意差)가 없었으나 Cu, Pb, Zn은 유의차(有意差)가 있었다. 3) 금속제련소 인접지역에서는 아연제련소(亞鉛製鍊所)의 시운전(試運轉)중 사고에 의하여 Cd, Pb, Zn으로 오염(汚染)된 지점이 여러곳 관찰되었으나 정상가동(正常稼動)에 들어간 이후에는 오염이 더 이상 진행되지 않았다.