Abstract
Exploitation of leaf protein concentrates for human consumption is very important. Leaf protein concentrates can be easily prepared by mechanically mincing leaves material and press it for getting the juice. Crude protein can be separated from the juice by aging, adjusting the pH, or heating to $75-80^{\circ}C$ etc. This report deals with the extractability of total-N from 69 species of fresh leaves by mechanical process, and then compared the recovery of leaf protein concentrates from leaf extracts by treating with TCA, pH adjustment and heating. Results are summarized as follows. 1. In general, the greater the content of total-N of leaves the greater the percentage extraction. Extraction of the juice from leaves is needed at least two times. The simple equations are constituted between the total-N (T; %) and the first and second extractability ($E_1,\;E_2;\;%$) of the total-N of leaves, as follows: $E_1=0.8168T\;E_2=0.1830T$ 2. The optimum pH value for coagulating protein from extracts is considered to be 3.5 to 4.5. However, the products of leaf protein concentrate by the pH adjustment of extracts are generally dull in color with rich elasticity. 3. Recoveries of the leaf protein concentrate from extracts by treating methods were in the following order of TCA treatment> pH 4 treatment> pH 3 treatment> heat treatment. The yield of leaf protein concentrates decreased bout 10% with pH 4 treatment, 11.4% with pH 3 treatment, and 14.8% with heat treatment compared with the TCA treatment. 4. The heat treatment is the most benifitial method for the production of leaf protein concentrates with regard to properties of texture, color and yield of products and easiness of the treatment method.
69종(種)의 각종 식물체(植物體)를 대상으로 하여 이것을 마쇄(磨碎)한 slurry로부터 총질소(總窒素)의 추출상황(抽？狀況)을 조사(調査)하고, 추출액(抽出液)으로 부터의 LPC의 제조방법(製造方法)을 검토(？討)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 원료(原料)의 총질소(總窒素)의 함량(含量)이 클수록 총질소(總窒素)의 추출비(抽出比)는 커지며, 원료(原料)로부터의 추출(抽出)은 적어도 2회추출(回抽出)까지 필요(必要)하다. 원료엽체(原料葉體)로부터의 1차(次) 추출액(抽出液) $(E_1;\;%)$, 2次 抽出液$(E_2;\;%)$와 (T; %)사이에는 $E_1=0.8168T,\;E_2=0.1830T$의 1차(次) 관계식(關係式)이 성립(成立)한다. 2. pH 처리(處理)에 의한 LPC 생성(生成)에 있어서 pH 3 이하(以下)에서는 생성(生成)된 LPC의 색택(色擇)이 갈변(褐變)되고 제품(製品)의 탄력성(彈力性)이 커지며, 그 정도는 pH가 낮아질 수록 현저(顯著)해진다. pH 처리(處理)에 의한 LPC 생성(生成)의 지적(至適) pH 는 $3.5{\sim}4.5$ 라고 할 수 있다. 3 추출액(抽出液)으로 부터의 LPC의 생성(生成)은 TCA 처리(處理)> pH 4> pH 3> 열처리(熱處理)의 순서(順序)가 되며, TCA 처리(處理)에 비(比)하여 pH 4 처리(處理)는 10%감(減), pH 3 처리(處理)는 11.4%감(減), 열처리(熱處理)는 14.8%감(減)이었다. 4. pH 처리법(處理法)은 열처리법(熱處理法) 보다 LPC의 생성량(生成量)이 다소 높으나 대량처리시(大量處理時)의 pH 조절(調節)의 복잡성(複雜性)과 생성제품(生成製品)의 품질(品質)로 보아 열처리(熱處理)에 의한 LPC의 생성방법(生成方法)이 효과적(效果的)이고 간편(簡便)하다.