Arachidonic Acid Liberated through Activation of $iPLA_2$ Mediates the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptosis Induced by N-Ethylmaleimide in HepG2 Human Hepatoma Cells

We have previously reported that activation of $K^{+}$-$Cl^{-}$-cotransport (KCC) by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) induces apoptosis through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cells. In this study we investigated the possible role of phospholipase $A_2$($PLA_2$)-arachidonic acid (AA) signals in the mechanism of the NEM actions. (omitted)