• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.421.1-421.1
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• 2016

We studied indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) film grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) as transparent conductive oxide (TCO). A variety of TCO layer, such as ZnO:Al (AZO), InSnO2(ITO), Zn (O,S) etc, has been grown by various method, such as ALD, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sputtering, laser ablation, sol-gel technique, etc. Among many deposition methods, ALD has various advantages such as uniformity of film thickness, film composition, conformality, and low temperature deposition, as compared with other techniques. In this study, we deposited indium-doped zinc oxide thin films using diethyl[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]indium [Et2InN(TMS)2] as indium precursor, DEZn as zinc precursor and H2O as oxidant for ALD and investigated the optical and electrical properties of IZO films. As an alternative, this liquid In precursor would has several advantages in indium oxide thin-film processes by ALD, especially for low resistance indium oxide thin film and high deposition rate as compared to InCp, InCl3, TMIn precursors etc. We found out that Indium oxide films grown by Et2InN(TMS)2 and H2O precursor show ALD growth mode and ALD growth window. We also found out the different growth rate of Indium oxide as the substrate and investigated the effect of the substrate on Indium oxide growth.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2007

A tomato zinc-finger protein gene, LeZFP1, encoding the Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger transcription factor was searched from cDNA microarray analysis of gene expression following induction of the overexpressed tomato transgenic plants showing resistance for pathogen and abiotic stresses. The full-length cDNA of LeZFP1 encoded a protein of 261 amino acid residues. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of LeZFP1 revealed that it shares high sequence identity with pepper CAZFP1 (81% identity). We found that single copy of LeZFP1 gene is present in the tomato genome through southern blot analysis. The LeZFP1 transcripts were constitutively expressed in the tomato mature and young leaves, but were detectable weakly in the flower, stem and root. The LeZFP1 transcripts were significantly reduced in treated leaf tissues with NaCl and mannitol. The LeZFP1 gene was induced by oxidative stress especially. Our results indicated that LeZFP1 may play a role function involved in oxidative stress signaling pathways.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.442-449
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• 2006

Electrical, optical, and structural properties of indium zinc oxide (IZO) films grown by a box cathode sputtering (BCS) were investigated as a function of oxygen flow ratio. A sheet resistance of $42.6{\Omega}/{\Box}$, average transmittance above 88% in visible range, and root mean spare roughness of $2.7{\AA}$ were obtained even in the IZO layers grown at room temperature. In addition, it is shown that electrical characteristics of the top-emitting organic light emitting diodes (TOLEDs) with the BCS grown-IZO top cathode layer is better than that of TOLEDs with DC sputter grown IZO top cathode, due to absence of plasma damage effect. Furthermore the effects of oxygen flow ratio in IZO films are investigated, based on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultra violet/visible (UV/VIS) spectro-meter, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.412-413
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• 2007

We report on the electrical, optical, and structural properties of indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO) anode films grown at room temperature on glass substrate. The IZTO anode films grown by a RF magnetron sputtering were investigated as functions of RF power, working pressure, and process time in pure Ar ambient. To investigate electrical, optical and structural properties of IZTO anode films, 4-point probe, Hall measurement, UV/Vis spectrometer, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed, respectively. A sheet resistance of $13.88\;{\Omega}/{\square}$, average transmittance above 80 % in visible range were obtained from optimized IZTO anode films grown on glass substrate. These results shown the amorphous structure regardless of RF power and working pressure due to low substrate temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.322-323
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• 2012

This study discussed the formation of phosphate conversion coatings on AZ31 Mg alloy (AZ31) from the zinc phosphating bath with various concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF). The effects of NaF on the formation, structure, composition and electrochemical behavior of the phosphate coatings were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) weight balances, open circuit potential (OCP) transients, potentiodynamic polarization curves and immersion test. The coatings were composed of two layers: an outer $Zn_2(PO_4)_3.4H_2O$ (hopeite) crystal layer and an inner amorphous of $MgZn_2(PO_4)_2$. NaF concentration is emphasized to be highly effective in the formation of the hopeite crystal and etching and coating rates. Potentiodynamic polarization and immersion test showed that the coatings formed in the zinc phosphating bath with addition of NaF have much higher corrosion resistance than bare AZ31.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2019

With recent demand for the renewable energy resources, we conducted a research on the energy conversion and storage device of supercapacitor. The hybrid graphene-zinc oxide(GZO) electrodes for the supercapacitors (SCs) were fabricated and investigated. To increase the electrical conductivity of the GZO electrode, the rapid thermal annealing(RTA) in $Ar/H_2$(10%) atmosphere was applied and the effect was examined by comparing it with RTA at Ar atmosphere. In Raman spectroscopy, the electrodes annealed at 400? in $Ar/H_2$ atmosphere showed a lower ratio of D/G peak than that of annealed at Ar atmosphere, and had a larger specific capacitance(Sc) in the cyclic voltammetry(CV), and a lower the equivalent series resistance(ESR) in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The reason seems to come from the better mixing of the graphene and zinc oxide by the RTA in $Ar/H_2$(10%).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2022

Zinc-rich epoxy (ZRE) is used to overcome corrosion problems in reinforced concrete (RC) beams and coat steel rebars to protect them from humidity and chlorides. An extra coating layer of Sikadur-31 epoxy (SDE) is utilised to increase bond strength because the use of ZRE reduces the bond strength between concrete and steel rebars. However, the low melting point of SDE indicates that concrete specimens are vulnerable to fire. An experimental investigation on flexural performance of RC beams incorporating ZRE-SDE coating of steel rebars that were destroyed by fire is performed in this study. Twenty beams of five concrete mixes with different cementitious contents were tested to compare fire exposure for coated and uncoated rebars of the same beams at room temperature and determine the optimal cementitious content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also applied to investigate characteristics of fired mixture samples. Results showed that the use of SDE-ZRE at room temperature improves flexural strengths of the five mixes compared with uncoated rebars with percentages ranging from 8.5% to 12.3%. All beams with SDE-ZRE lost approximately 50% of their flexural strength due to firing. Moreover, the mix incorporating SF (silica fume) of 15% and cement content of 400 kg/m³ introduces optimum behaviour compared with other mixes. All results were supported and verified by the SEM analysis and compressive strength of cubic specimens of the same mixes.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2024

During hot stamping of hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheets such as hot-dip galvanized steel sheets and hot-dip galvannealed steel sheets, an oxide mainly composed of ZnO is formed on the sheet surface. However, excessive formation of ZnO can lead to a decrease in the amount of metal Zn in the coating layer, decreasing the corrosion resistance of hot-stamped members. Therefore, it is important to suppress excessive formation of ZnO. While the formation of Al oxides and Mn oxides along with ZnO layer during the hot stamping of hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheets can affect ZnO formation, crystal structures of such oxides have not been elucidated clearly. Thus, this study aimed to analyze structures of oxides formed during hot stamping of hot-dip galvannealed steel sheets using transmission electron microscopy. Results indicated the formation of an oxide layer comprising ZnAl₂O₄ at the interface between ZnO and the coating layer with Mn₃O₄ at the outermost of an oxide layer.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.379-388
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• 1998

The iron-zinc interfacial reaction and corrosin properties in galvanizing bath containning Ni have been intestigated. The substrate steel plates were galvanized in Zn or Zn-0.018Al baths with various Ni contents. The corrosion resistance of galvanized specimens was also evaluated by $60^{\circ}$bending test for galvannealing speaaimens. The corrosion resistance was improved with Ni addition in pure Zn bath, while deteriorated with Ni addition in Zn-0.18Al bath. The anti-powdering property, on thhe otherhand, was improved with Ni addition in Zn-0.18Al bath, while deteriorated with Ni addition in pure Zn. It was found that the anti-powdering property was improved with increasing $\xi$ phase ratio in reaction layer.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2003

The surface treatments. Chrome/Manganese and Modified Chrome Pickle, that are treated to improve the anti-corrosion property which is needed to increased the probability of prototype product enabled the sand cast Magnesium test specimens to have better corrosion resistance than non-treated one. Sand cast Magnesium specimens which was treated only with chemical conversion coating had same corrosion resistance with the Steel specimens plated by Zinc, and the another one that had the finishing treatment(painting) worked on the chemical surface treatment had the corrosion resistance property to meet to FPO-3 requirement. We also investigated the multiple finishing system(chemical surface treatment + 3 coating) to test the severe condition that magnesium should to endure.