• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.575-581
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• 2007

As current and future automobile emission regulations become more stringent, the research on flow distribution for an exhaust manifold and close-coupled catalyst(CCC) has become an interesting and remarkable subjects. The design of a CCC and exhaust manifold is a formidable task due to the complexity of the flow distribution caused by the pulsating flows from piston motion and engine combustion. Transient flow at the exhaust manifold can be analyzed with various computational fluid dynamics(CFD) tools. However, the results of such simulations must be verified with appropriate experimental data from real engine operating condition. In this study, an experimental approach was performed to investigate the flow distribution of exhaust gases for conventional cast types and stainless steel bending types of a four-cylinder engine. The pressure distribution of each exhaust sub-component was measured using a simulated dynamic flow bench and five-hole pitot probe. Moreover, using the results of the pitot tube measurement at the exit of the CCC, the flow distribution for two types of manifolds(cast type and bending type) was compared in terms of flow uniformity. Based on these experimental techniques, this study can be highly applicable to the design and optimization of exhaust for the better use of catalytic converters to meet the PZEV emission regulation.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2021

Lean combustion was applied to improve the thermal efficiency and emission in a single-cylinder, spark-ignition engine fueled with syngas. Under naturally aspirated conditions, the lean combustion significantly improved the thermal efficiency compared to the stoichiometric combustion, mainly due to the reduction in heat transfer loss. Intake air boost was applied to compensate the low power output of the lean combustion. The gross indicated power of 24.8 kW was achieved by increasing the intake pressure up to 1.6 bar at excess air ratio of 2.2. The nitrogen oxides showed near zero level, but the carbon monoxide emission was significant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.225-225
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• 2016

PHOLED devices which have the structure of ITO/HAT-CN(5nm)/NPB(50nm)/EML(47nm)/TPBi(10nm)/Alq3(20nm)/LiF(0.8nm)/Al(100nm) are fabricated to investigate the diffusion length of the triplet exciton by using double-quantum-well(DQE) EML structure. To fabricate DQW structures, Ir(ppy)3(2% wt) and Ir(btp)2(8% wt) are used as green and red emission zones, respectively. In DQW structured EML, as shown in Fig. 1, 1nm thick layers of green and red emission zones are located middle of the EML, and the distance between these wells(x) is changed from 0nm to 10nm. As shown in Fig. 2, the emission spectra from DQW PHOLED devices are changed with different x. The intensity of the green emission(520nm) is decreased when x is decreased, and it goes to near zero when x=0nm. This behavior can be identified as the diffusion of the triplet excitons from Ir(ppy)3 to Ir(btp)2 by the Dexter energy transfer(DET). From the external quantum efficiency(EQE) of the red emission, as shown in Fig. 3, the diffusion length of the triplet excitons can be determined by the equation of DET rate, R=A Exp(-2RDA/L), where RDA is donor-acceptor distance and L is the sum of the van der Wals radii. As a result, the measured data of the red EQEs with different x are identified to theoretical result from the equation of DET rate(Fig. 4). From this results, we could confirm that the diffusion length of the triplet excitons can be determined by using DQW structure and this method is very useful to investigate the behavior of the excitons in PHOLEDs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.355-361
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• 2014

The aim of the present study was to evaluate a relative emission of image plate (IP) in computed radiography (CR) system by using relative sensitivity in film/screen methods. The characteristic curve was obtained by using the uniform aluminum 11-step wedge penetrometer. X-ray exposure factors on radiographic digital image were 50 kVp, 10 mAs. We adjusted zero of all parameter of algorithms (MUSICA) so proximate to raw data and applied to 200 of exposure class. Modeling on relative emission of IP are used IP without fading time and IP after 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours in the respective storage after X-ray exposure. The results of this study showed that the sensitivity point density at the measuring of relative sensitivity in CR was suited pixel values of the 2000 easy to relatively measure the characteristic curve and when relative sensitivity is decreased, the amount of light emitted from the image signal for generating was also decreased. In conclusion, the proposed method of measurement of relative sensitivity can be utilized to evaluate the quantity of relative emission of IP in CR system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.114-123
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• 2018

As recognizing the necessity of eco-friendly vehicles in order to reduce air pollution from road sector, Korean government has established and implemented a promotion policy which is encouraging the public transportation companies to purchase CNG buses in replacing diesel buses since 2000s. With CNG bus promotion policy, the number of CNG buses had been increased on the road of metropolitan area and big cities. However, increasing rate of CNG buses had been fluctuated between the decrease and the increase since year 2014. In this study, the impact of fuel cost competitiveness between diesel and CNG on CNG bus increasing volume was testified by simple regression, which was only assumed by precedent research on the CNG promotion policy. And this study suggested the necessity of harmonization among the related policies conducted by related Ministries. Eventually this study should contribute to enhance the validity of CNG bus promotion policy. And it is expected that Korean government should apply the new policy suggestion of this study in the establishment of government's promotion policy on LNG cargo trucks and Zero Emission Vehicles in the future.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.369-375
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• 2008

To achieve zero-emission, one of the main goals of an eco-industrial park (EIP), it is needed to develop an effective water exchange network. The network includes various subsystems and decision making processes, which make the modeling process extremely complicated. Agent-based modeling was used to simulate water exchange network in an EIP. Firm agents were created based on the behavior pattern of firms, and an agent-based model (ABM) was made with the agents, showing the growth of the exchange network. An existing steel and iron making industrial park was chosen as a case study, and the ABM model shows eco-efficient behavior with a decreased environmental cost. Water reuse network based on the ABM model results in 35% decrease of the fresh water supply and 50% reduction of the wastewater generation in EIP. A case study shows that agent-based model can be a powerful tool in modeling and designing complex eco-industrial parks, especially when a part of the system needs to be changed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 2012

For environmental reasons and because of our limited energy resources, high-efficiency power generation technology will be necessary in the future. Ultra-supercritical (USC) power generation technology is the key to managing the greenhouse gas problems and energy resource problems discussed in the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Other countries and manufacturers are trying to build commercial power plants. In this paper, an efficient method of achieving near-zero emission operation of a high-efficiency fossil power plant using USC power generation is discussed. Development of USC power generation in Korea has been supported by the Korean government in two phases: Phase I was USC key technology development from 2002 to 2008, and Phase II is USC development and technology optimization from 2010 to 2017.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1057-1062
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• 2008

To overcome disadvantages of conventional two interconnected fluidized beds system, a novel two-interconnected fluidized bed process has been adopted to 3kW chemical-looping combustor. This system has two bubbling beds, solid injection nozzles, solid conveying lines, and downcomers. In this study, effects of operating variables such as gas velocity through the solid injection nozzle, fluidizing velocity, solid height, geometry of solid intake hole, bed temperature on solid circulation rate have been investigated in a 3kW chemical-looping combustor. The solid circulation rate increased as the solid height and the opening area of solid intake holes increased. The effect of the fluidizing velocity and the bed temperature were negligible. Moreover, long-term operation of continuous solid circulation up to 50 hours has been performed to check feasibility of stable operation. The pressure drop profiles in the bubbling beds and the downcomers were maintained steadily and solid circulation was smooth and stable.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.591-595
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• 2007

The membrane filter coated with nanostructured porous surface layer was made by heat treatment after depositing nanoparticles onto a conventional micron-fibrous metal filter as a substrate filter. The nanostructured porous layer membrane filter (NSPL-MF), whose the filtration performance was improved compared with the conventional metal membrane filters, was developed by coating the nanoparticle agglomerates of dendrite structure onto the micron-fibrous metal filter. Pressure drop of nanostructured porous layer membrane filter decreased with increasing the heat treatment temperature to make the nanostructured porous layer adhered on the filter surface because the nanoparticle agglomerates shrank, but filtration efficiency did not decrease clearly.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 2010

The fuel is not injected when the driver doesn't push acceleration pedal of a vehicle with engine speed higher than about 1,500rpm above mid vehicle speed range. This is called "fuel-cut function" and almost every modern vehicle is equipped with this function. This is activated on downhill part of a highway most often. Therefore the vehicle-exhausted $CO_2$ can be zero in this downhill part if the driver could recognize this part of highway. We compared the vehicle-exhausted $CO_2$ emission when using fuel-cut function with the $CO_2$ mass when without using this function in this study. We found that the $CO_2$ emission reduced with fuel-cut function and measured the reduction rate of vehicle-exhausted $CO_2$ mass with this test results. The exhausted $CO_2$ mass of a passenger car(2,000cc engine volume) is reduced by 4% with this function used. This $CO_2$ reduction effect can be achieved if the downhill part of a highway is painted with a specific color. And this road painting can be included in the highway road rehabilitation policy.