• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.350-357
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• 2017

본 연구는 상악 정중과잉치에서 얻은 치수유래 줄기세포(human dental pulp stem cells from supernumerary tooth, sDPSCs)를 대상으로 분화능의 변화 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 전신 병력이 없는 6세 남자아이 상악 중절치와 측절치 사이에 매복 된 과잉치를 발치하여 sDPSCs를 얻었다. 세포들을 16계대까지 배양하였고, 1 - 8계대는 Young군으로 9 - 16계대는 Old군으로 나누었다. 각 계대 배양에 소요된 시간은 Young군에서는 $2.25{\pm}0.46$일, Old군에서는 $3.25{\pm}0.46$일을 보였으며, 이는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < 0.05). 각 계대 별로 세포 형태를 관찰하고 분화를 유도한 후 Alizarin-red solution 염색을 통해 골모세포(odontoblast)로 분화되는 정도를 관찰하였다. 1, 8, 9계대에서 분화제를 처리하지 않은 세포의 형태에서는 방추형의 섬유모세포와 유사한 길쭉한 형태로 과립(nodule)이 적었지만, 16계대에서는 세포의 크기가 커지고 넓적한 형태로 변하고 과립도 많아졌다. 1계대는 분화 7일부터 과립이 관찰되며, 8계대에서는 14일 동안 분화제를 처리한 후 과립이 명확히 관찰되었다. 그러나 9계대 이후에서는 과립의 빈도가 상당히 감소되었다. ARS 염색에서는 1, 8계대는 진한 붉은색으로 염색되었으나, 9, 16계대는 염색이 옅게 되었다. 이를 통해 sDPSCs는 8계대 이전의 세포를 줄기세포의 원천으로 우선 고려하는 것이 좋다고 사료된다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.84-102
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• 2005

Objectives The purpose of this study was to objectify the diagnosis of Sasang constitution. It was analyzed the adult female voices into 44 factors with PSSC-2004. Methods The study was conducted on the subjects inputted /a/ 2.5-3 sec of 217 adult women voices to PSSC-2004. The statistical analyses are applied to three groups: total group, under 55 year-old group, over 55 year-old group. The group of total 216 was composed with 8 Taeyangins, 60 Soyangins, 66 Taeumins and 83 Soeumins. The under 55 year-old group was composed with 6 Taeyangins, 53 Soyangins, 55 Taeumins and 76 Soeumins. The over 55 year-old group was composed with 2 Taeyangins, 7 Soyangins, 11 Taeumins and 7 Soeumins. Results 1. In total group and under 55 year-old one, Soeumin's center pitch were significantly high compared with the others(P=0.005)(P=0.019). It was significant for distinction between Taeumin and Soeumin at the result of post mortem. 2. In over 55 year-old group, Soeumin's center freq.(total) and center freq.(1) were significantly high compared with the others(P=0.024)(P=0.016). In under 55 year-old group, Soeumin's center freq.(4) was significantly high(P=0.025). While Taeumin's center freq.(3) in under 55 year-old group and center freq.(4) in over 55 year-old group were significantly high(P=0.049)(P=0.043). 3. In over 55 year-old group, Soeumin's APQ(center), APQ(2/5), APQ(3/5), APQ(4/5) and APQ(2/3) were significantly high compared with the others. It was significant for distinction between Taeumin and Soeumin at the result of post mortem(P=0.004) (P=0.003) (P=0.004) (P=0.013) (P=0.004). 4. In over 55 year-old group, Soeumin's APQ(1/3), APQ(1/2), APQ(2/2) and zeroover APQ were significantly high compared with the others (P=0.013) (P=0.003) (P=0.008) (P=0.012). 5. In over 55 year-old group, Taeyangin's octave 3 shimmer was significantly high compared with the others(P=0.000). 6. In under 55 year-old group, Taeyangin's total energy was significantly high compared with the others(P=0.040). 7. In under 55 year-old group, Taeyangin's zeroover energy sum was significantly high compared with the others(P=0.038). Conclusions From above result, there is the possibility of efficiency standard guide for constitutional diagnosis by analyzation of the voices.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2014

Korean society is running fast toward a super aging society. This means that new solutions for new problems of aged people are needed. An important area to prove is the aging-friendly neighborhood environments supporting casual contacts and meetings of old residents. This study attempts to suggest neighborhood design indicators which support casual contacts and meetings of old residents. The subjects were 24 professionals who had studied on housing environment for the elderly. They answered through the on-line questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of items which evaluate the appropriateness of classification of neighborhood area and the indicators of each area using 5-points Likert scale. Also open questions asking adding or eliminating areas or indicator and other opinions were included. On the basis of these answers, the aging-friendly neighborhood design indicators supporting contacts and meetings of old residents was developed. They are consisted of 7 areas in neighborhood and 60 indicators. Those areas were semi-public residential area, commercial area, cultural & educational area, health & medical area, park & green area, walkway, and public traffic facilities. This would be used to design the neighborhood environments that are aging-friendly and facilitating casual contacts and meetings of all residents, especially old residents.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.371-376
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• 2001

The rate of soil respiration to varying stand ages was studied in four Robinia pseudoacacia stands(18-, 23-, 28- and 35-year old) throughout one year from September 1998 to August 1999. Soil temperatures showed a pronounced seasonal pattern, in contrast to soil moisture. The highest rate of soil respiration was generally found in August when soil temperatures were the highest, and the lowest in January. The daily rate of soil respiration amounted to 5.51($g\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$) for 18-year old stand, 5.28 for 23-year old stand, 8.29 for 28-year stand, and 2.67 for 35-year old black locust stand, respectively. The $Q_{10}$ values were ranged between 1.63 and 1.66, averaging 1.65 for the R. pseudoaca'cia stands. The results indicate significant correlation between soil temperature and soil respiration for all four stands(r=0.96 to 0.97). Among the study stands, the annual rate of soil respiration was the highest ($3.03kg\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$) for 28-year old stand.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2013

This study aims to clarify the transformation of urban spatial structure around old castle in cheong-ju city. The urban spatial structure is composed with road system, block division, and lot system with original cadastral map in 1913 and 2011 GIS. Transformation of road system is classified into control of road line, construction and extension of road. Construction of arterial road was divided into Nam-juro and Mang-sunro with 2 blocks and lot system was destoyed. Transformation of block has not been developed except 4 blocks. The 4 blocks were divided into east-west or north-south direction and became 8 blocks. Transformation of lot system is classified into maintained, subdivided, and destroyed lots in shape and size of lots. Maintained lots were found in large lot in size for public office and park. Subdivided lots were mainly represented with the existing main road, an active alleys, and so on. Destroyed lots by road construction and extension were showed in Nam-juro. Although all these transformations are used to enhance urban spatial structure. The old systems have remained around old castle in cheong-ju city.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1343-1350
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• 2005

In this study, the whole deformation conditions of domestic old tunnels and reinforcement methods for deformation tunnels were investigated and analysed, and the present conditions, occurrence cause and reinforcement methods of cavity behind the tunnel lining were investigated and analysed comprehensively. The deformation causes of domestic old tunnels could be classified in three kinds : change of earth pressure operating tunnel ground, material problem of concrete lining, mistake of design and construction. As a result of analysis, the tunnel deformation was occurred by not specific cause but various cause As a result of investigation for 455 domestic tunnel data, more than 70% of the tunnel deformation was related to leakage and the other deformation cause also accompanied leakage mostly. An applied reinforcement method was related to leakage and flood prevention measures, but application of reinforcement method for boundary area between tunnel and ground and tunnel periphery which influence on the tunnel stability was still defective. The cavity of domestic old tunnel occupied about 16% of the total tunnel length and about 68% of cavity was located in the crown of tunnel, and besides, the occurrence cause of cavity was analysed to design, construction and management cause. The filling method for cavity using filling material was comprehensively appling to cavity behind tunnel lining.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.255-265
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of group art therapy on old adults' powerlessness, loneliness. depression and self-image (for 55-year old or older people). Method: An experimental group of 10 persons were given group art therapy for 1 hour per week for 8 weeks. Results: The result of this study showed that group art therapy is effective in decreasing older adults' powerlessness (p<0.05) and their loneliness and depression (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the score of loneliness (p>0.05). A tree test was executed to analyze self-image change. and the result of the tree test showed a significant change in the tree shape. which mean a significant positive change in self-image. Conclusions: The scores of older adults' powerlessness, loneliness and depression were lowered by the group art therapy. Therefore it is thought that group art therapy program was an effective intervention for improving older adults' quality of life. Thus, this study suggests to apply group art therapy as a supportive nursing intervention in order to manage powerlessness, loneliness, depression and self-image in old low-income adults.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to clarify the transitional process of spatial configuration of 'Topdong Yangdalmal'; One of the existing 22 old settlements in cheongju city. The results are as follows. 1) Side roads are derived from Inner road until 1970, so large-scale lots are subdivided small-scale lots. The houses are mostly in 1970s and 1980s. The existing old houses are 11, their orientation are East South, and the entrance gives on side road. The orientation, court yard, and entrance of the houses nearby side roads keep ongoing, in spite of alteration and extension. Especially, Entrance is changed by the new arterial roads and subdivided lots, but, the houses nearby side roads are continued as in the past. 2) The newly built houses in 1970's are 20, and it's arrangements are equal to existing old one. The orientation of houses after 1980's is the same in 1970's. But, the entrance is changed by subdivided lots, and the size of the court yard are reduced or disappeared. In other hand, the houses as the same size of the existing houses, and Storyincrease continue court yard as in the past. Therefore, the houses which are nearby inner road, and increase story, are continued, in spite of the newly built one.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the middle-aged British women's apparel purchase behavior. The results of this study can be used to present the tendency of Korean middle-aged women's apparel purchase behavior when they become the old-aged by comparing and analyzing the British women's purchase behavior. We found that they prefer to choose and purchase their clothes by their own decision-making and search for actively the new brands for old age. Strong willingness was showed that their level of consumption amounts for clothing would be the same level between middle-aged and old-aged. It was also presented that they like to see a old-aged fashion model for fashion advertisement rather than a younger one and prefer to use the expression of 'mature' rather than a stereotypical expression such as a silver, gray and gold. The segmentation of fashion market by age can not be simply standardized. We expect that the propensity for clothing purchase behavior pattern of middle-aged women will not be changed and keep the same tendency by the time of their old-aged. We expect that this research results can be used as a basic material for another study and setting up the product developments and marketing strategies.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.77-93
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how the letters of children' names can be used to teach Hangŭl reading to 3-and 4-year-old children. Methods: This study reviewed existing research and analyzed the characteristics of name letters in teaching Hangŭl reading, focusing on the developmental stages and patterns of 3-and 4-year-old children's understanding of these letters. Based on this analyses, teaching strategies utilizing name letters were proposed for enhancing Hangŭl reading skills in 3-and 4-year-old children. Results: First, teaching should establish a clear connection between spoken and written language. Second, a balanced approach that incorporate both meaning-centered and phonics-centered teaching methods is recommended. Third, instruction should follow a step-by-step progression based on children's reading development, particularly their awareness of word recognition. Fourth, social interaction should be actively promoted. Conclusion/Implications: By utilizing the letters of their names, an integrated and balanced approach to teaching Hangul reading tailored to the developmental needs of 3- and 4-year-olds can be provided to them. The findings of this study can serve as practical guidelines for organizing and implementing developmentally appropriate and systematic teaching Hangŭl reading in early childhood education settings.